Multiple application modules (MAM) and/or multiple application units (MAU) for providing services in wireless distribution systems (WDS), including distributed antenna systems (DAS), and related systems and methods

ABSTRACT

Multiple application devices (such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs) for receiving of signals in wireless distribution systems (WDSs), including but not limited to distributed antenna systems (DASs), and providing a variety of network services are disclosed. The multiple application devices are wireless telecommunication circuitry associated with wireless distribution components in a WDS. By associating multiple application devices into components of a WDS, network services and applications within the WDS can be provided. A multiple application device includes a multiple applications processor and is configured to: receive at least one of downlink and uplink signals; determine that a request has been received in one of the downlink and uplink for a service from another device; execute, via the at least one multiple applications processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested service; and communicate application level information sufficient to perform the requested service.

PRIORITY APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/833,238, filed Dec. 6, 2017, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US17/29076 filed on Apr. 24, 2017, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/328,089, filed on Apr. 27, 2016, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The technology of the present disclosure relates generally to multiple application devices, such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs) for monitoring of signals in components of wireless distribution systems (WDSs), including distributed antenna systems (DASs). The wireless distribution systems supports distributing communications services to remote units, and particularly to MAMs and MAUs included in components of the WDSs for providing services within the WDS.

Wireless communication is rapidly growing, with ever-increasing demands for high-speed mobile data communication. As an example, local area wireless services (e.g., so-called “wireless fidelity” or “Wi-Fi” systems) and wide area wireless services are being deployed in many different types of areas, e.g., coffee shops, airports, libraries, and the like. Wireless distribution systems (WDSs), which may also be referred to as wireless communication systems (WCSs), communicate with wireless devices called “clients,” “client devices,” “wireless client devices,” or “wired client devices,” which reside within the wireless range or “cell coverage area” in order to communicate with an access point device. More generally, a client is computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server. One example of a wireless distribution system is a distributed antenna system (DAS). DASs are particularly useful for deployment inside buildings or other indoor environments where client devices may not otherwise be able to effectively receive radio-frequency (RF) signals from a source, such as a base station, for example. Exemplary applications where distributed antenna systems can be used to provide or enhance coverage for wireless services include public safety, cellular telephony, local access network (LANs), wireless local access networks (wireless LANs), distributed antenna systems (DAS), location tracking, and medical telemetry inside buildings and over campuses.

Wireless communications services are expanding rapidly into an ever-wider array of communications media. Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity systems, for example, are now commonplace, used in a variety of commercial and public settings, such as homes, offices, shops, malls, libraries, airports, and the like. Distributed antenna systems are commonly used to improve coverage and communication of cellular and Wi-Fi communication systems. Distributed antenna systems typically include a plurality of spatially separated antennas. The distributed antennas systems communicate with a variety of such commercial communications systems to distribute their services to clients within range of the distributed antenna system.

These antenna systems provide efficient distribution of communications services to clients, or a set of client devices, in a desired area of a location, such as a building, an array of buildings or an even larger service area, such as an airport, an outdoor park or a stadium. Within the client area, distribution of the services may be provided by an internal distribution network that is a part of the distributed antenna system. The network may include optical fibers and conventional wired cables for distributing a variety of communications services.

It would be beneficial to enable multiple non-mobile user equipment applications and services within a WDS.

No admission is made that any reference cited herein constitutes prior art. Applicant expressly reserves the right to challenge the accuracy and pertinency of any cited documents.

SUMMARY

Multiple application devices (such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs)) are described that enable multiple non-mobile user equipment applications in wireless distribution systems (WDS). One non-limiting example of a WDS is a distributed antenna system (DAS). The capabilities of devices and applications in user equipment, such as mobile personal user equipment, can enable a variety of applications and services for personal applications. Many of these device and application capabilities can be effectively used for purposes other than personal mobile user equipment applications. By incorporating major portion of hardware and software of the mobile personal user equipment into a WDS, multiple non-mobile, non-personal applications can be achieved. Such hardware and software in the form of a multiple-application modules or multiple-application units can be incorporated into the remote units and head-end equipment of the WDS, to help support various applications and services. In addition, a subset of user equipment itself can be used for network centric applications.

Multiple application devices (such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs)) are described for using the capabilities of devices and applications in user equipment and like equipment to establish a connection with a network for a specified application process utilizing a wireless service, a wired service, or both a wireless service and a wired service, to provide a service on the network.

Multiple application devices (such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs)) for receiving of signals in WDSs, including but not limited to distributed antenna systems (DASs), and providing a variety of network services are disclosed. The multiple application devices are wireless telecommunication circuitry associated with wireless distribution components in a WDS. By associating multiple application devices into components of a WDS, network services and applications within the WDS can be provided.

In one embodiment, a wireless distribution system (WDS) is disclosed for providing a requested service. The WDS comprises a central unit configured to: receive a downlink communications signal from a communications system; distribute the downlink communications signal over at least one downlink communications medium to a plurality of remote units; receive an uplink communications signal from the plurality of remote units over at least one uplink communications medium; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the communications system. Each remote unit among the plurality of remote units is configured to: receive the downlink communications signal from the central unit over the at least one downlink communications medium; distribute the downlink communications signal to a client device; receive the uplink communications signal from the client device; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the central unit over the at least one uplink communications medium. The WDS also comprises at least one multiple application unit (MAU) associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units. The at least one MAU comprises at least one multiple applications processor. The at least one MAU is configured to receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal. The at least one MAU is configured to determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for a service from another device. The at least one MAU is configured to execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested service. The at least one MAU is configured to communicate application level information sufficient to perform the requested service.

In another embodiment, a wireless distribution system (WDS) is disclosed for providing a requested multi-carrier cellular service. The WDS comprises a central unit and a plurality of remote units as disclosed above. The WDS also comprises at least one multiple application device associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units. In one embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a multiple application module (MAM) located in a head-end unit. In another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAM located in one of the plurality of remote units. In yet another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAU configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal. The at least one multiple application device is configured to determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for a multi-carrier cellular service from another device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested multi-carrier cellular service. The at least one MAU is configured to communicate application level information sufficient to perform the requested multi-carrier cellular service.

In another embodiment, a WDS is disclosed for providing a requested network application service. The WDS comprises a central unit and a plurality of remote units as disclosed above. The WDS also comprises at least one multiple application device associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units. In one embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAM) located in a head-end unit. In another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAM located in one of the plurality of remote units. In yet another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAU configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal. The at least one multiple application device is configured to determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for a network application service from another device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested network application service. The at least one MAU is configured to communicate application level information sufficient to perform the requested network application service.

In another embodiment, a wireless distribution system (WDS) is disclosed for providing a requested Intranet application service. The WDS comprises a central unit and a plurality of remote units as disclosed above. The WDS also comprises at least one multiple application device associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units. In one embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAM) located in a head-end unit. In another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAM located in one of the plurality of remote units. In yet another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAU configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal. The at least one multiple application device is configured to determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for an Intranet application service from another device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested Intranet application service. The at least one MAU is configured to communicate application level information sufficient to perform the requested Intranet application service.

In another embodiment, a wireless distribution system (WDS) is disclosed for providing a requested smart application service. The WDS comprises a central unit and a plurality of remote units as disclosed above. The WDS also comprises at least one multiple application device associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units. In one embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAM located in a head-end unit. In another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAM located in one of the plurality of remote units. In yet another embodiment, the at least one multiple application device may be a MAU configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal. The at least one multiple application device is configured to determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for a smart application service from another device. The at least one multiple application device is configured to execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested smart application service. The at least one MAU is configured to communicate application level information sufficient to perform the requested smart application service.

In this manner, multiple application devices (such as MAMs) and MAUs)) can be associated with components of a WDS to provide a variety of network services and applications within the WDS.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary, and are intended to provide an overview or framework to understand the nature and character of the claims.

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiment(s), and together with the description serve to explain principles and operation of the various embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1A is a distributed antenna system for mobile user equipment of the prior art;

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of an exemplary communications system of the prior art configured to distribute communications signals within an installation, such as a building;

FIG. 2A is an exemplary client device according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

FIG. 2B depicts an exemplary data service provided by the client device of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2C depicts a process for using the data service by a provider;

FIG. 3 is a depiction of illustrative exemplary form factors for the client device of FIG. 2A of a multiple application module (MAM) and a multiple application unit (MAU) according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic view of an exemplary wireless distribution system architecture that includes a plurality of multiple application modules (MAMs);

FIG. 5A is an exemplary Gigabit Ethernet Module (GEM) useful for incorporating a MAM into a remote antenna unit (RAU), also known in this disclosure as a remote unit (RU);

FIG. 5B is the GEM of FIG. 5A incorporated into a communication architecture of a remote antenna unit for interfacing the MAM;

FIG. 6 is an exemplary distributed antenna system that incorporates multiple application modules (MAMs) into both a head-end unit (HEU) and an optical input unit (OIU);

FIG. 7 is an overall architecture of an illustrative exemplary wireless distribution system (WDS) that incorporates both multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs) for enhancing the capabilities of the system;

FIG. 8 is an exemplary wireless distribution system (WDS) with multiple application modules (MAMs) and a multiple application unit (MAU) that allows a carrier to track the service it provides through intervening head end equipment;

FIG. 9 is an example of a wireless distribution system in which a mobile application unit (MAU) may provide service data to a service provider, such as a carrier;

FIG. 10 is an exemplary communication method that allows tracking via a downlink signal or an uplink signal according to another embodiment of this disclosure;

FIG. 11 is an exemplary process for monitoring live signals in a wireless distribution system (WDS) using an MAM, creating application level information about the monitored signals, and communicating the application level information to other systems;

FIG. 12 is a process execution architecture of a wireless distribution system (WDS) that incorporates MAMs;

FIG. 13 is an example of an additional capability of a wireless distribution system (WDS) that incorporates at least one multiple application module;

FIG. 14 is an exemplary logic flow for a prioritization policy for a wireless distribution system (WDS) according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is an exemplary network optimization device in the form factor of the FIG. 2A client device according to this disclosure depicting a data service in either internal or external memory;

FIG. 16 is the data service depicted in FIG. 15 illustrating a filter data interface and a remote access interface features of another embodiment of this disclosure;

FIG. 17 is an exemplary registry of data filtered by the filter data interface of FIG. 16 and stored in memory with a unique ID according to another embodiment of this disclosure;

FIG. 18 is an illustrative exemplary embodiment of the use of the client device of FIG. 15 to optimize a network of base stations;

FIG. 19 is the FIG. 7 architecture of an illustrative wireless distribution system (WDS) illustrating the use of the client device of FIG. 15 to optimize the wireless distribution system;

FIGS. 20 and 21 are illustrative exemplary methods for using the client device of FIG. 15; and

FIG. 22 depicts an exemplary network including a wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210 according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary multiple application module (MAM) that can be associated with one or more components of a DAS WDS to monitor live signals in the WDS, create application level information about the monitored signals, and communicate the application level information to other systems;

FIGS. 24A and 24B are schematic diagrams illustrating an exemplary optical fiber-based DAS that includes components in which the MAM in FIG. 23 can be included;

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of exemplary DAS components of a DAS in which the MAM in FIG. 23 can be associated to monitor live signals in the WDS, create application level information about the monitored signals, and communicate the application level information to other systems;

FIG. 26 is schematic diagram of a MAM wirelessly communicating application level information about monitored signals to other portable devices;

FIG. 27 is a partially schematic cut-away diagram of an exemplary building infrastructure in which a DAS including one or more components associated with MAMs can be employed;

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a generalized representation of an exemplary computer system that can be included in a MAM provided in the WDS, wherein the exemplary computer system is adapted to execute instructions from an exemplary computer readable medium;

FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating examples of the type of applications that can be implemented with a MAM located in a remote unit and associated MAUs that can communicate wirelessly with the MAM and remote unit;

FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating examples of the type of applications that can be implemented with a MAM;

FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating a context conceptual equation that might be used in content generation by a multiple application device;

FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a system having an emergent knowledge cycle that acts to improve the “smartness” of the system having MAMs and MAUs over time;

FIG. 33 illustrates a system comprising a centralized end of a WDS communicatively coupled to one or more MAMs in one or more remote units of the WDS and to or more MAUs;

FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a MAU to provide a requested service;

FIG. 35 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested multi-carrier cellular service;

FIG. 36 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested networking application service;

FIG. 37 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested Intranet application service; and

FIG. 38 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested smart application service.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments will be further clarified by the following examples.

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the Figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein.

Briefly stated, in examples disclosed herein, multiple application devices (such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs)) are described that enable multiple non-mobile user equipment applications in wireless distribution systems. The capabilities of devices and applications in user equipment, such as mobile personal user equipment, can enable a variety of applications and services for personal applications. Many of these device and application capabilities can be effectively used for purposes other than personal mobile user equipment applications. By incorporating major portion of hardware and software of the mobile personal user equipment into a wireless distribution system (WDS), multiple non-mobile, non-personal applications can be achieved. Such hardware and software in the form of a multiple-application modules or multiple-application units can be incorporated into the remote units and head-end equipment of the WDS, to help support various applications and services. In addition, a subset of user equipment itself can be used for network centric applications.

Multiple application devices (such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs)) for receiving of signals in wireless distribution systems (WDSs), including but not limited to distributed antenna systems (DASs), and providing a variety of network services are disclosed. The multiple application devices are wireless telecommunication circuitry associated with wireless distribution components in a WDS. By associating multiple application devices into components of a WDS, network services and applications within the WDS can be provided.

Before describing the multiple application devices (such as multiple application modules (MAMs) and multiple application units (MAUs)) that enable multiple non-mobile user equipment applications in wireless distribution system, starting at FIG. 3, by taking advantage of the capabilities of devices and applications in user equipment, such as mobile personal user equipment, a WDS is disclosed.

Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1A depicts an example of a prior art wireless distribution system (WDS). FIG. 1A illustrates distribution of communications services to coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) of a DAS 12, wherein ‘N’ is the number of coverage areas. These communications services can include cellular services, wireless services such as RFID tracking, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), local area network (LAN), WLAN, and combinations thereof, as examples. The coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) may be remotely located. In this regard, the remote coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) are created by and centered on remote antenna units 14(1)-14(N) connected to a central unit 16 (e.g., a head-end controller or head-end unit). The term “remote antenna unit (RAU)” or remote unit (“RU”) are used interchangeably in this disclosure and may include in one embodiment a device connected to an optical input module that converts and filters a broadband optical signal into a narrow electrical signal and vice versa. In one embodiment, “broadband communication signals” may include a band of communication signals that is made up of two or more narrow bands of communication signals.

The central unit 16 may be communicatively coupled to a base station 18. In this regard, the central unit 16 receives downlink communications signals 20D from the base station 18 to be distributed to the remote antenna units 14(1)-14(N). The remote antenna units 14(1)-14(N) are configured to receive downlink communications signals 20D from the central unit 16 over a communications medium 22 to be distributed to the respective coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) of the remote antenna units 14(1)-14(N).

Each remote antenna unit 14(1)-14(N) may include an RF transmitter/receiver (not shown) and a respective antenna 24(1)-24(N) operably connected to the RF transmitter/receiver to wirelessly distribute the communications services to user equipment 26, e.g., cellular telephone client devices, within their respective coverage areas 10(1)-10(N). The remote antenna units 14(1)-14(N) are also configured to receive uplink communications signals 20U from the user equipment 26 in their respective coverage areas 10(1)-10(N) to be distributed to the base station 18. The size of a given coverage area 10(1)-10(N) is determined by the amount of RF power transmitted by the respective remote antenna unit 14(1)-14(N), the receiver sensitivity, antenna gain and the RF environment, as well as by the RF transmitter/receiver sensitivity of the user equipment 26. User equipment 26 usually have a fixed RF receiver sensitivity, so that the above-mentioned properties of the remote antenna units 14(1)-14(N) mainly determine the size of their respective remote coverage areas 10(1)-10(N).

One illustrative wireless distribution system (WDS) is a distributed antenna system (DAS). In one embodiment, a DAS may include an antenna system that includes a plurality of spatially separated antennas. The DAS may communicate with a variety of commercial communications systems to distribute the services to clients within range of the distributed antenna system. The distributed antenna system may be an optical fiber-based distributed antenna system, but such is not required, and these systems may include both optical fibers and standard wired communications cables, such as those with copper conductors. It will be appreciated that the distributed antenna system may be a wire-based or a wireless system. In various embodiments, the clients may include, but are not limited to, devices such as cellular phones, smart phones, wireless computers, wireless lap-top computers, mobile devices such as tablet computers, pad computers, personal digital assistant, and wireless sensors or networks of sensors, such as mesh network sensors. These examples are not intended to be limiting, and the present disclosure is not limited to these examples of client devices. More generally, a client is computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server.

FIG. 1B depicts an example of a distributed antenna system (DAS) 100 for a first 101, a second 102 and a third 103 floor, respectively, of a building 105. In this example a plurality of communications services 110 are provided, such communications coming from first, second and third base stations 112 a, 112 b, 112 c over cables 113 a, 113 b, 113 c respectively, from service providers. The services are input to a head end unit (HEU) 120 for routing through distributed antenna system 100. In one embodiment, the HEU may include a plurality of radio distribution/combiners (RDCs) and a switching matrix for combining a plurality of communications signals into a broad band signal for further transmission, such as to an optical input unit (OIU), and for splitting a broadband signal from an optical input unit into individual communication signals, thus allowing two-way communications. In one embodiment, the OIU may include a plurality of RDCs and a switching matrix for transmitting a broadband electrical signal from a head end unit to a destination, such as to a plurality of optical input modules. In one embodiment, the “optical input module” may be a device that converts broadband electrical signals into broadband optical signals and vice versa. The OIU also receives a plurality of broadband electrical signals from the plurality of optical input modules and transmits them in the opposite direction, such as to the head end unit, thus allowing for two-way communications. A “radio distribution/combiner (RDC)” may include a device that combines narrowband signals into broadband signals and splits broadband signals into narrowband signals. The signals are illustratively electrical signals but may be an optical or other signal. The RDCs may be RDC cards, e.g., circuit boards with the appropriate combining and splitting functionality well known in the art. In one embodiment, “narrowband communication signals” may include specific band of frequencies of operation of a communication service that a provider is permitted to transmit under communication guidelines and permissions.

The distributed antenna system 100 is controlled by a computer 160 with operator input device 162. The computer may include local memory and may have access to remote memory, as well as computer programs stored on at least one non-transitory medium, either locally or remotely. The computer 160 may be connected directly to the head end unit 120 and may be in control of other elements of the distributed antenna system via wired connections or remotely, as shown. The computer system may also control an optical interface unit 125.

Various communication services are illustratively routed through distributed antenna system 100 as shown in FIG. 1B. “Communication services” may include, but are not limited to, digital data services, including but not limited to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, Ethernet, DSL, LTE, Wireless Access Points (WAPs), PCS, 2G, 3G, 4G, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Remote Radio Heads (RRH), Radio over Fiber Optic Cable (RoF), OCS band, WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), LAN, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, WDM and WLAN.

Cable or hard wire outputs 118 from the head end unit 120 may connect to the optical input unit 125 and then to interconnect units 130, 140, 150 for serving the first, second and third floors 101, 102, 103 of building 105. Interconnect units 130, 140, 150 provide mechanical interfaces and power to the cable outputs from the interconnect units.

The computer 160 may be used to control the head end unit, the optical input unit and the interconnect units of the system. The computer may also control or monitor switches and switch matrices of the head end unit and optical input unit useful in operation of distributed antenna systems. The computer may be supplied with a non-transitory memory and a computer program useful for routing the signals through the system. Within each floor, the services are then provided separately, as shown. Thus, the first floor 101 may be provided, through its interconnect unit 130, with an Ethernet wire distribution 132, a Wi-Fi hot spot 134, and a telecommunications antenna 136. In this example, similar services may be provided to the second and third floors 102, 103, through their interconnect units 140, 150 with Ethernet lines 142, 152, Wi-Fi hot spots 144, 154 and telecommunications antennas 146, 156. The Wi-Fi hot spot and/or telecommunications antenna may be provided by a remote antenna unit which may include an RF transmitter/receiver (not shown) and a respective antenna (not shown) operably connected to the RF transmitter/receiver to wirelessly distribute the communications services to user equipment (not shown). Examples of user equipment include a cellular phone, a smart phone, or other mobile device, such as a laptop, a pad, a tablet or a personal digital assistant. It will be appreciated that any computing device configurable for mobility, such as a personal computer, provides an alternative illustrative example of user equipment since the mobility of these devices within a network may accomplish the teachings of this disclosure.

Having thus provided an overview of a wireless distribution system, we now turn to features provided by this disclosure. Broadly speaking, a communication system according to this disclosure includes a computing device configured to serve as a client device to a wireless distribution system (WDS) includes a memory; a multiple applications processor in communication with the memory and configured to execute one or more mobile applications; and a wireless service processor in communication with the multi applications processor for communicating via a corresponding wireless service with the wireless distribution system (WDS). The multi applications processor is configured to execute an instance of a data service to establish a connection with the wireless distribution system (WDS) for a specified application process utilizing the wireless service to provide at least one datum on the wireless distribution system (WDS). In the method, an instance of a data service is executed to establish a connection with a wireless distribution system (WDS) for a specified application process utilizing a wireless service to provide at least one datum on the wireless distribution system (WDS).

FIG. 2A depicts a client device 200 for use in a wireless distribution system (WDS) according to this disclosure. The client device comprises a computing device configured to serve as a client device to a wireless distribution system (WDS). The client device comprises a memory which may be internal memory 222, external memory (not shown), or a combination thereof; a multiple applications processor 212 configured for communication with the memory; and one or more wireless service processors 228 ₁ through 228 _(n) configured for communication with the multi applications processor. The wireless service processor is configured for communicating via a corresponding wireless service with the wireless distribution system (WDS) as explained below. Advantageously, the multi applications processor is configured to execute a mobile application 250 to provide a data service according to this disclosure. The mobile application is illustrative depicted to reside in internal memory 222 but may reside in external memory (not shown), or reside in both internal and external memory. The data service is configured to provide the wireless distribution system (WDS) with at least one datum on the transmitted downlink signal or the received uplink signal of the wireless distribution system (WDS).

The multiple applications processor 212 illustratively includes one or more core processors 216, a power management module 218 and one or more physical communication ports 220 and a plurality of peripheral interface ports 214. In one embodiment, a physical communication port may include, but is not limited to, a port or a connector for a communication input or output, such as a USB port or a micro-USB port. In one embodiment, a peripheral interface port may include, but is not limited to, a port or socket by which a peripheral device may be connected. Multiple applications processor 212 may also include one or more external memory interfaces 224 for connecting to external memory (not shown). The multiple applications processor further provides a communications interface 226 for connecting the components of the multiple applications processor 211 to the plurality of wireless service processors 228 ₁ through 228 _(n) and their respective antennae 230 ₁ through 230 _(n). The communications interface may be a cellular modem interface, a Bluetooth® modem interface, a Wi-Fi interface, or any other interface suitable for handling communications between the client device 200 and a wireless distribution system. Illustratively, the wireless service is selected from the group consisting of cellular, Wi-Fi, RFID, Satellite, Bluetooth®, and ZigBee®.

The wireless service processors 228 ₁ through 228 _(n) are configured to send and receive wireless communications signals over respective antennas 230 ₁ through 230 _(n). The wireless service may be selected from the group consisting of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, Ethernet, DSL, LTE, Wireless Access Points (WAPs), PCS, 2G, 3G, 4G, Remote Radio Heads (RRH), Radio over Fiber Optic Cable (RoF), WiMax, LAN, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, WDM and WLAN. The wireless service processors 228 ₁ through 228 _(n) facilitate communicating application level information received through the communications interface 226 in a wireless distribution system (WDS). The wireless service processors 228 ₁ through 228 _(n) also facilitate the client device 200 being able to communicate application level information, wired or wirelessly, to other systems (not shown) outside the wireless distribution system, if desired. Wireless service processors 228 ₁ through 228 _(n) may be digital signal processors.

With continuing reference to FIG. 2, the client device 200 the multiple applications processor 212 handles all input and output communication of the client device. The multiple applications processor 212 may include multiple core processors or a multi-core processor 216. The core processors 216 execute applications of the multiple applications processor 212. The mobile application may be selected from the group consisting of call reception, call origination, Short Message Service (SMS) texting, Instant Messaging (IM), a data application, an email application, a word processing application, a camera application, a presence application, gaming application, a music playback application, a video playback application, a social media application, a voice command mode, and a hands-free mode.

The application level information is stored by the processor 212 in the internal memory 222. The power management module 218 of the multiple applications processor 212 manages power consumption in the multiple applications processor to achieve the desired performance levels. The one or more physical communications ports 220 provide wired communications to and from the equipment, if desired. For example, a technician may connect a wired communication device to one of the physical communications ports 220 to retrieve application level information or to load or update application layer applications. The external memory interfaces 224 may include memory card ports, USB ports, micro-USB ports, etc., for storing data from internal memory 222, including application level information. The peripheral interface ports 214 enable the client device 200 to be connected to peripheral devices.

Client device 200 may also include one or more sensors 240, connected to the client device through the communication interface 226, and also connected for power through the power management module 218. The sensors may include one or more of a global positioning sensor, a temperature sensor, an accelerometer, a power monitoring sensor, a compass, a gyroscope, and the like. Other sensors may be used.

In one illustrative embodiment, the client device 200 may be a user equipment such as a cellular phone, a smart phone, or other device, such as a table or a personal digital assistant containing a multi applications processor configured to execute a mobile application 250 to provide a data service according to this disclosure. In other embodiments, any computing device containing a multi applications processor configured to execute a mobile application 250 to provide a data service according to this disclosure may be used as the computing device of this disclosure.

FIG. 2B depicts a data service 250 provided by the client device of FIG. 2A. The data service 250 receives requests from a provider 251 to perform a specification application process 252, 253, 254 with a network 257. If the data service is busy with other tasks, the provider request may be placed in a queue of an inbox 255 for processing by the data service 250 at such time that the data service is available to process the requested task. The application process 252, 253, 254 are specific mobile applications that perform a specific process. The specific mobile applications may be assigned specific process numbers which may be called out in a request made by a provider. This disclosure provides for a myriad of applications which a designer of applications may create as a mobile application for the client of this disclosure. The specific applications may operate with mobile applications that may be readily available on user equipment or like equipment in performing specific process as explained below. These readily available applications may be selected from the group consisting of call reception, call origination, Short Message Service (SMS) texting, Instant Messaging (IM), a data application, an email application, a word processing application, a camera application, a presence application, gaming application, a music playback application, a video playback application, a social media application, a voice command mode, and a hands-free mode. The data service performs the task requested by the provider according to the specific application process number specified in the provider request. The results of the task may be reported to the provider in real time or stored in an outbox 256 for later retrieval by the provider in a batch process.

The data service 250 comprises the software and hardware that provides for the service previously described.

FIG. 2C depicts a process for using the data service by a provider. A provider calls 272 the client device, establishes 274 a communication link with the data service of the client device, provides 276 the data service with a specified application process number, and requests 278 the data service to establish connection with the network for the specified application process number. At step 280, the data service determines whether it is available to do the task. If the data service is not available, such as it is performing a different task at the time of the request or the request will take longer to perform than other tasks which have been determined to be of higher priority, then the data service will put 288 the request into the queue of an inbox for processing at such time that the data service is available to do the task. If the data service is available to perform the task, the data service establishes 282 a connection with the network and performs the specified application process number requested by the provider. The data service collects 284 the data that is called for by the specified application process number. The data service then determines 286 if the provider is still on line. If the provider is still on line, then the data service may provide 290 the collected data to the provider in real time. If the provider is not on line, the data service may put 292 the collected data into an outbox for retrieval by the provider at a later point in time.

FIG. 3 shows illustrative form factors 300 for the client device 200 of FIG. 2. The client device 200 may be in the form factor of a multiple application unit (MAM) 313 or a multiple application unit (MAU) 315. Client device may be in the form factor of a stationary multiple application module (MAM) 313 or a mobile multiple application unit (MAU) 315. Each form factor has particular features which are described in greater detail below. There are also general features common to both form factors. For example, in either form factor, the client device 200 of FIG. 2 has been mounted on a flexible mounting 301, designed for shock absorption and heat dissipation 302. Module 300 may include a standard antenna interface or connection 303, a flexible communication interface or connection 305, a flexible antenna connection 309 and a standard external interface or connection 311. The module 300 may also be equipped with additional sensors, standard antenna and peripheral interfaces 307, such as a temperature sensor for informing users or systems managers of the temperature of the module. Alternatively, or in addition, an accelerometer may be mounted on the module for tracking movement and shock or vibration of the module.

FIG. 4 shows the multiple application module (MAM) and multiple application unit (MAU) of this disclosure depicted in FIG. 3 deployed in a wireless distribution system (WDS) 400. In this illustrative embodiment, the wireless distribution system (WDS) 400 is a distributed antenna system (DAS) as described in connection with FIG. 2. The distributed antenna system (DAS) comprises a head end unit (HEU), optical input unit (OIU), internal connect unit (ICU) 506, a central Ethernet unit (CEU) 413, RAUs 1-3, mobile user equipment 430, multiple application module (MAM) 403, and mobile applications unit (MAU) 432.

The head end unit (HEU), optical input unit (OIU), RAUs 1-3, and mobile user equipment 430 operate as previously described in FIG. 2. The interconnect unit (ICU) bundles the downlink and uplink optical fibers carrying digital optical signals with the downlink and uplink optical fibers carrying optical RF communications signals. The central Ethernet unit (CEU) houses and powers one or more centralized Ethernet modules for use in the distributed antenna system (DAS).

Multiple application module (MAM) 403 and multiple application unit (MAU) 432 may be located throughout the distributed antenna system (DAS). Advantageously, the multi applications processor of each multiple application module (MAM) 403 and multiple application unit (MAU) 432 is configured to execute a data service according to this disclosure. For example, the multiple application module (MAM) 403 in the HEU/OIU provides a data service from the vantage point of the HEU/OIU where the MAM 403 is located. A provider may call the data service as described in connection with FIG. 2C to request a specific application process number that may illustratively utilize the mobile applications previously described such call reception, call origination, Short Message Service (SMS) texting, Instant Messaging (IM), a data application, an email application, a word processing application, a camera application, a presence application, gaming application, a music playback application, a video playback application, a social media application, a voice command mode, and a hands-free mode. Specific application processes are described later below. Similarly, the multiple application modules (MAM) 403 in the ICU and CEU, respectively, provide a data service as explained below from the vantage point of the ICU and CEU where the MAMs 403 are located. Note that the MAM may be associated with the HEU, the OIU, the RAU, an intermediary component, or with any one or combination of components in the DAS. Similarly, the multiple application modules (MAM) 403 in the RAU1, RAU2, and RAU3, respectively, provide a data service as explained below from the vantage point of the RAU1, RAU2, and RAU3 where the MAMs 403 are located. Finally, MAU 432 provides a data service as explained below from the vantage point of the location in the distributed antenna system where it is located. In each case where the MAM is used in the WDS, such as a DAS, the physical assembly may be connected to HEU/OIU, RAU, CEU, ICU, or other component of the DAS or WDS by wired or wireless connection. The MAM may be incorporated into the remote unit of a WDS in such a way to leverage its existing wired and wireless interfaces. The MAM may be networked to the head-end unit by designing wired and or wireless interfaces between the MAMs in the remote and head-end equipment. Similarly, the physical assembly of the MAU may be connected to the DAS or WDS by wired or wireless connection. In another embodiment, the MAM may be networked to the cellular communication systems using corresponding wireless/wired interface of the head-end equipment thereby avoiding IT firewalls.

In the example depicted in FIG. 4, at least one additional service is provided from a cloud-based IP network 411 through a central Ethernet unit (CEU) 413.

As indicated, each MAM and MAU of this disclosure may be advantageously accessed by a service provider to perform one or more or other specified application processes as explained below. Hence, the service provider can interrogate the MAMs and MAU which may provide data service on the overall Quality of Service (QoS), as well as bit rate and bit error rate of the signal provided by the carrier as explained below. Effectively, FIG. 4 provides a ONE wireless system with MAMs incorporated in to HEU, OIU, ICU and RAUs. In the illustrative example of FIG. 4, an MAU is also provided. The MAMs and MAUs connected to the WDS may be connected to each other via wired and or wireless media. The user equipment or like equipment of the disclosed client of the MAMs and MAUs thus provide additional nodes in the WDS network that are available to providers for communication within and outside a WDS.

In addition, the network may be extended by deploying MAMs or MAUs beyond the RAU coverage area and networking back to the MAM or MAU in the coverage area of the RAU via wired or wireless interfaces of the client device of the MAM or MAU of this disclosure.

The MAMs or MAUs may be configured as client or master. A client MAM or MAU may automatically detect MAMs or MAUs in its vicinity using different optional communication interfaces and media and configure/change configuration accordingly.

The Wi-Fi capabilities/Bluetooth®/wired interface of the user equipment or like equipment of the client of this disclosure may further be used to extend the WDS network. For example, the Wi-Fi hotspot capability of the user equipment or like equipment to a network may allow a client to act as a hotspot external to the RAU. In certain applications, more than one MAM or MAU may serve as a Wi-Fi hotspot client to in the WDS.

Using internal sensors of the user equipment or like equipment, the orientation of the MAM or MAU may be known and used to optimize antenna radiation to achieve communication media optimization. Bluetooth® may be used to extend the MAM or MAU deployed network beyond the RAUs to provide extended network for better coverage, capacity and accuracy applications. For example, a MAM at the edge of coverage of an RAU may be used to extend the coverage of the RAU to include the coverage provided by Bluetooth®.

Applications running on the MAM or MAU may change over time, periodically or otherwise, to different applications to allow the MAM or MAU to communicate with different components in the network or other MAMs or MAUs. For example, an application on one MAM may switch from hotspot configuration to client and vice versa to enable different communications and networks. Alternatively, more than one application may be running on an MAM or MAU. The applications running on the MAM or MAU may be used to change the cellular backhaul of the MAM or MAU to wired Intranet of the WDS. The USB-to-Ethernet to fiber optic network feature of the user equipment or like equipment may be used to extend the network of MAMs and MAUs. Similarly, the USB-to-fiber optic network feature of the user equipment or like equipment may also be used to extend the network.

The internal high processing capabilities and memory of the MAMs and MAUs may be used to share the work load of WDS component modules/units. A MAM or MAU as a network element of the WDS may collect information relevant to specified application process number as previously described by doing the following and executing processes guided by these inputs and prioritization and execution policies. For example, a specified application process may cause the data service to (i) communicate with its internal sensors/processes/events using existing hardware and software methodologies similar to those of the user equipment or like equipment; (ii) consolidate requests from (a) users/appliances within its coverage area (b) from the users/appliances in the WDS coverage area via the network of MAMs and MAUs and form the other relevant WDS network elements utilizing standard communication interfaces on the user equipment or like equipment; (iii) provide for an overall mitigation and consolidation of specified application(s) processes based on the requests from individual users received by the individual MAMs and MAUs; (iv) consolidate relevant requests from the users/events/appliances outside the WDS via relevant communication systems; (v) automatically or otherwise correlate relevant information on the internet and related indoor parameters and corresponding decision making.

For example, a user equipment or like equipment of the client of this disclosure may be used to minimize/optimize electric/battery power consumption by, for example, (i) leveraging the user equipment or like equipment's ‘multi-radio in a single package’ to enable the Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, ZigBee® technologies and related networks within the WDS; (ii) continuously charging the stationary MAM or MAU with constant power feed and run power hungry processes via direct electric power feed rather than utilizing the battery; (iii) coordinating scheduling of MAM's or MAU's wireless radio activation/deactivation and processes execution (a) with power usage monitoring and correlation, (b) by delegating the execution load to other MAMs via distributed process execution, (c) by using ‘power utilization-process execution’ emergent knowledge to further refine the prioritization and execution policy, (d) by correlating heat dissipation trends indicated by temperature sensors of the MAM and MAU and their peripherals to processes running on the MAM to extend the battery life and MTBF of the MAM itself; (iv) in case of electric power loss from the constant power feed, activating different execution policies that are designed to minimize the power consumption and execute emergency services only; (v) sharing and extending the work load of WDS component modules/units by utilizing the MAM's and MAU's internal high processing capabilities and memory. Depending on the needs of the application on the user equipment or like equipment, a portion of the hardware and/or software of user equipment or like equipment may be modified or added to enable/add other applications.

Additional embodiments of the MAM and MAU is given in FIGS. 5A and 5B. FIG. 5A depicts the incorporation of a multiple application module (MAM) into a gigabit Ethernet module (GEM) of a remote antenna unit 500. In this example, remote antenna unit 500 includes a multiple application module 501, similar to the multiple application modules studied above. The remote antenna unit connects via a wired connection 511 to a communication input, such as an optical input module from an optical input unit, also studied above. The connection 511 may be a small form factor pluggable (SFP) connector or plug. In this example, the remote antenna unit 500 also includes a gigabit Ethernet module (GEM) 503 with an Ethernet PoE+ port 505, i.e., providing power as well as a communications connection. A second PoE+ port 507 connects power and communication via a USB connector 509 to the MAM 501. The MAM 501 and remote antenna unit also include a power output, e.g., antenna 513 for sending and receiving communications signals. In this example, the MAM takes advantage of the power available from the PoE+ port and also utilizes the available bandwidth of one or more of the GEM ports. In this example, the remote antenna unit may support a plurality of communications bands, e.g. four bands. These bands may include, for example, a Personal Communications Services (PCS) band, an LTE 700 radio band, a U.S. Cellular™ band and an Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) band. Other communication service bands include frequency ranges such as 400-700 MHz, 700 MHz-1 GHz, 1 GHz-1.6 GHz, and 1.6 GHz-2.7 GHz. The connections with a PoE+ port may be via composite cable or in another manner.

A further advantage of this configuration is possible and desirable, if both the remote antenna unit and the multiple application module use the same operating system. In this scenario, additional apps and software for the MAM may then be developed by developers using the same software development kit to develop wireless distribution system applications using known techniques and methods. With this focus, centralized application software can be automatically generated or developed for quick adaption to the apps already used in the MAMs. This technique thus leverages existing people, programs and applications for further development and better apps.

FIG. 5B adapts this technology in another way and extends the technology, depicting a more complex communication architecture for a remote antenna unit 520. In this architecture, the remote antenna unit includes the GEM 503 discussed above, with a multiple application module, the dual Ethernet PoE+ ports and the plug-type connection 511. In this adaptation, there is an additional communication interface 531 between the RAU 500 and an RAU-cellular telephone 523 portion of remote antenna unit 520. There is also a receiver unit (RXU) 525 for supporting communications input and output. The combination of the RAU 503, the RAU-cellular module 523 and the RXU 525 may support quite a bit more bandwidth than the RAU 500 itself. In this example, module 520 may have sufficient bandwidth to support six bands, e.g., the four bands mentioned above and two additional bands, e.g., two bands selected from among Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, CDMA, TDMA, and so forth.

Incorporating wireless modules with their greater communications capabilities thus allows manufacturers and users to scale their networks. The network or system is extended by deploying MAMs beyond the remotes in the coverage area and wirelessly networking back to the MAM in the RAU. The MAMs can be configured as client or master and client to automatically detect other MAMs in the vicinity using different optional media and can configure or change configuration accordingly. Such automated correlation with the available information and related indoor and outdoor parameters and corresponding decision making will enable proactive actions rather than reactive actions.

The advantage is that incorporating the MAM into the remote antenna unit, just like incorporating the MAM into the head-end equipment, will make additional applications possible in the wired networks. For example, one would not expect to access wireless services over a typical office or home phone. As discussed above, however, connecting a multiple application module into a remote antenna unit can enable wireless services such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth® and ZigBee®. Thinking of a multiple application module as a compact supercomputer, e.g., a smart phone, these applications become available and greatly expand and scale-up the choices and options available to users connected to such a system.

One example is the ability to offload Wi-Fi to the (wireless) IP network via the gigabit Ethernet module and the central Ethernet unit. Enabling a MAM to connect to IP network via GEM and CEU would allow for continuous monitoring of the link to IP network and the Wi-Fi connection between the MAM in the RAU and the extensions by test calls. A distinct advantage would be communicating the call metrics with the Wi-Fi offload server. This would allow standard operation of a wired network's quality of service (QoS), with traceability and tracking as well. This is also known as enabling a backhaul capability between an end user and a service provider, such as a cellular telephone network provider.

Another example is creation of a Wi-Fi hot spot using the MAM and the RAU. A Wi-Fi hotspot can be used to create machine-to-machine network communications between MAMs wired to the wireless distribution systems (WDS) and those MAMs that are wirelessly connected to extend the WDS network. Connecting the multiple application module creates a wired connection which may have a higher bandwidth than the wireless connection. By enabling a wired backhaul with a better backhaul bandwidth, the capabilities of the network may be beyond the typical cellular backhaul. Thus, a high-bandwidth Wi-Fi hotspot can be achieved. An additional advantage is that applications running on the MAM can change to different wireless networks (identified by their service set identifier, SSID) to communicate with different clients and networks. Users or equipment can thus switch from hotspot configuration to client and vice versa to enable different communications. Simultaneous operations may also be possible, if there is sufficient bandwidth capability. It should also be clear that using applications running on the MAM, the cellular backhaul of the MAM for Wi-Fi hotspot can be improved. This would provide an ability to monitor and measure spectrum information, e.g., signals, within the wireless distribution system, tracking quality of the service to all served portions of the distribution system.

One embodiment is a communication system as described above, wherein the client device is a peripheral interface port configured to interface a peripheral device to the client device. Another embodiment is the communication system as described above, wherein the client device is a physical communication port configured to allow a physical connection to the client device; another embodiment is the communication device as described herein, wherein the physical communication port is a PoE+ port; another embodiment is the communication device as described herein, wherein the physical communication port is a PoE+ port on the client device, the PoE+ being connected via GEM to the PoE+ on the remote antenna unit (RAU).

Additional options of leveraging existing systems will become apparent with the disclosure of FIGS. 6-7. The head-end equipment 120, 125 shown in FIG. 1B has been leveraged and its capabilities expanded greatly. Head-end equipment 600 in FIG. 6 includes a head-end unit 601 and an optical input module 611. A plurality of input modules (RIM) 605 provides services from outside communications providers or vendors. These may include wired services and may also include wireless services. The services are connected via wired connections 607 to a plurality of radio distributor combiner cards (RDCs) which connect the services to radio distributor combiner cards (RDCs) 613 in optical input unit 611. The RDCs 609, 613 may simply be circuit cards with appropriate functions to forward the services to and from, as shown. The services received from RDCs may include standard (wired) telecommunications services and may also include wireless communications services. A MAM 603 is in electrical communication with RDCs 609 and a MAM 619 is in electrical communication with RDCs 613. Hence, a provider may call MAM 603 or MAM 619 illustratively according to the procedure detailed in FIG. 2C to request the respective the data service of the MAM to run a specification on the respective MAM for a specific purpose.

For instance, a provider may request the data service on MAM 603 to establish a communication with a service being provided by the RDC 609 to determine the QoS of that service. In so doing, the data service could employ the call origination application on the MAM to place the call to a receiver in the RDC. The RDC would have an application that would allow such a call to be made and processed. The data service on the MAM would then receive the service using the call reception application on the MAM. An application on the MAM, such as a data application, could do a QoS analysis of the signal such as determining its power level, error bit rate, etc. The data service could then employ either the Short Message Service (SMS) texting or Instant Messaging (IM) of the MAM to send the requesting provider the details of the analysis. The MAM could communicate the results to a web portal and may export the results to a social media website using a social media application. The analysis of the data could be formatted, manipulated and reported to the requesting provider via a word processing application on the MAM. The report could be provided via an email application on the MAM.

The provider may make additional requests to the MAM using the applications available on the MAM. For instance, the provider may request the MAM to take a picture of the RDC 609 with which it is located to allow a provider to verify the physical integrity of the RDC. The MAM 603 may be requested to take a video using a video application on the MAM and then play the video back using the video playback application for some purpose. For instance, the MAM may take multiple videos and play back one video feed at a time to extract data from each feed to then report back to the provider. The MAM may provide the provider with one or more video streams as part of any reporting operation.

The hands-free mode of a utility or like application may be used by the provider in a number of ways. For instance, the hands free mode detects the presence or absence of a connection (typically the hands free device). In this disclosure the hands-free mode of operation may be used to detect the presence of absence of a connection. For instance, the connection or no connection of various settings in the RDC may be emulated by the hands free application of the MAM to alert the provider making a request of the settings in the RDC.

In other embodiment, the presence application of the MAM may be used to indicate the presence or non-presence of a connection in the RDC. A voice command mode may allow a provider to make requests and receive reports from the MAM using voice commands.

In one example, a provider may be interested in the quality of a gaming application provided on a service. Using this disclosure, the data service may access the service and access the gaming application provide by the service. The provider may then perform tests on the QoS of the gaming service, for example, with bit checks done on the gaming service provided. Alternatively, the provider may interact with the game service in real time by playing the game using the data service of the MAM. Similarly, a provider may request the MAM to download a stream of music. The data service may then employ the music playback application of the MAM to play the music to the provider in real time. Alternatively, the music feed may be sent to the provider using the previously described reporting mechanisms for the provider to do further analysis.

In many of the foregoing examples, the reporting by the MAM is illustratively performed in response to a request by a provider. Alternatively, a provider might subscribe to the data service of the MAM in order to have the MAM provide such reports to the provider automatically on the occurrence of an event or periodically. In this way, a provider may receive reports from a MAM without the need for making requests.

It is thus seen that the applications that are available on a user equipment or like equipment may be advantageously employed according to this disclosure to generate data on a wireless distribution system and improve the QoS of the WDS. Further the platform provided by the user equipment or like equipment advantageously lends itself to widespread application development to leverage the foregoing and other applications for specific applications. Examples of illustrative applications are described later below

A more expansive view of network possibilities is disclosed in the wireless distribution system (WDS) of FIG. 7. This system discloses an architecture that includes multiple application modules (stationary) and multiple application units (mobile). In this system, the WDS 700 includes external communications systems 701, such as service providers. The services may be provided to a building, a series of buildings, or even a venue, such as a theatre, a theatre complex or a large sports stadium. The system 700 includes head-end equipment 703 with one or more MAMs 705. As noted above, head-end equipment may include a head-end unit and an optical input unit, each integrated with an MAM. In the system of FIG. 7, the head-end equipment 703 and the MAM 705 are part of a wired connection to intermediate equipment 711 and its MAM 713. An interconnect unit (ICU) as shown in FIG. 4 is an example of intermediate equipment. A remote antenna unit (RAU) may also constitute intermediate equipment. A first remote unit 715 and its MAM 717 are connected to the intermediate equipment 711. A second remote unit 719 and its MAM 721 are connected directly to the head-end equipment 703. A plurality of multiple application units 723, 725 are connected wirelessly to the first remote unit 715 and its MAM 717, while a plurality of multiple application units 729, 731 are connected wirelessly to second remote unit 719 and its MAM 721. In this example, multiple application unit 727 may be in wireless contact with either or both second remote unit 719 and a multiple application unit 725. First user equipment 733, i.e., a mobile user, is in wireless contact with multiple application unit 725. Second user equipment 735, e.g., a second user, is in wireless contact with either or both second remote 719 and multiple application unit 731.

The system of FIG. 7 extends the network by deploying MAMs to the entire coverage area and beyond by networking the MAMs with remote units and networking back to the MAM via wired and wireless interfaces of the MAMs. In this regard, an MAM includes the capabilities of a user equipment/device, with all the computing and communications capabilities of these devices. The MAMs in the remotes can be configured as client or master and clients. Each will automatically detect all other MAMs in the vicinity using the different optional communication interfaces and media. These MAMs then have the capability to re-configure to use the appropriate communication tool. For example, the system can choose from its Wi-Fi capabilities, Bluetooth® wireless capability or even its wired interface to communicate with other MAMs, remotes and user devices in the vicinity.

For example, any of the remotes can use the Wi-Fi hotspot capability of the mobile user equipment to network with the MAMs external to the remote units with the latter acting as Wi-Fi clients. For certain applications, external MAMs such as 717, 721, 723, can create Wi-Fi hotspot to which MAMs in remote units, such as 719, 725, 731 and other wired components of the WDS can join as clients. The system can also achieve communication media optimization by optimizing antenna radiation. This can be accomplished by knowing the orientation of an MAM using internal sensors of the MAM. In a similar fashion, the MAMs can use Bluetooth® to extend the MAM network beyond the remote units 715, 719 to provide extended network for better coverage, capacity and accuracy applications. For example, applications running on the MAM may change to different IDs transmitted periodically to communicate with different clients and networks. MAMs can switch from hotspot configuration to client and vice versa to enable different communications and networks. The remotes and intermediate equipment, as well as the head-end equipment, can use applications running on the MAM to change the cellular backhaul of the MAM to wired Intranet of the WDS.

Other advantages include using a USB or micro-USB-to-Ethernet to fiber optic network to extend the MAM network and using a USB or micro-USB-to-fiber optic network to extend the MAM network. There are many additional possibilities, such as sharing workloads and collecting service information. Capacity steering may be used to improve traffic on the network. For example, location-based information from one or more multiple application modules may be used to gauge traffic density and whether capacity can be increased by switching some users to different bands. It may also be determined that a permanent increase in capacity is needed. An example would be a network whose traffic is sufficiently dense and slow that a cable upgrade may be needed, e.g., to a larger cable or to a high capacity fiber-optic cable.

Using the techniques described herein, one can monitor traffic on the wireless distribution system. It is then possible to use one or more of the multiple application modules to scan available or used bands and the quality of service in the various bands and services provided. For example, the common pilot channel (CPICH) can be used to determine which bands are more-used or less-used and which bands may be better for quality of service at a given time. The collected information, such as CPICH and similar, may be used for SON (self-organized network) applications and MACRO seepage information and adjustment.

Some of the advantages of the present disclosure may be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9. FIG. 8 shows the system of FIG. 7, illustrating multiple application modules configured to communicate with a carrier, a cloud server and multiple application units. FIG. 8 illustrates a distribution network 800. The network is served by a plurality of base stations 801 which may be wired, land-line inputs from commercial communications services, e.g., telephone service providers. The stations may also be wireless stations, e.g., cellular telephone towers, providing wireless services. Recall that the providers may provide a great many communications services, including telephone services, wired services, wireless services, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi hot spots, Bluetooth®, and so forth. The communications services from the base stations and wireless providers are input to a building 803 with head-end equipment 805, the head-end equipment including a head-end unit 807 and an optical input unit 827. Head-end unit 807 receives inputs through input modules 809, which may be radio input modules or may be input modules equipped for wired connections from the service providers. The input modules are connected to the head-end unit output, RDC cards 811, as described earlier. The output of the head-end unit 807 is received by the optical input unit 827 through RDC cards 823, and the various services and sectors are output through a plurality of optical input modules 829. Each optical input module may support a plurality of outputs of lower bandwidth capability, such as a plurality of remote antenna units (see FIG. 1B). In this simplified version one or more optical input modules and remote antenna units may provide services to a plurality of clients 830, e.g., separate buildings or portions of a building, e.g., building locations 1 through 4. These may be separate floors on a single building or portions of a single floor, for example.

Head end equipment 805, including head-end unit 807 and optical input unit 827, is equipped with multiple application modules 817, 819 in the manner discussed previously in this disclosure. Using the multiple application modules 817, 819, the carrier 831 is able to interrogate the head-end equipment. The carrier may also use multiple application unit 833 to communicate with the head-end equipment 805 through multiple application modules 817, 819 to obtain further data on the WDS. For instance the data service of MAU may in response to a request from an MAM 817 or from the provider (such request is not shown) employ the data service of MAM 827 to obtain data on the RDC 823 or to communicate with cloud server 835 or carrier 831. The manner in which a data service is requested and the response of the data service in response to achieve the foregoing and other data metrics and intelligence on WDS occur as previous described.

The data from multiple application modules 817, 819 may also be available through the Internet to a cloud-based service 835, such as a file backup service or files intended for the carrier 831. Without the multiple application modules, the back haul routes discussed above are not available. With the multiple application modules, the carrier is easily able to send information back and forth, including identification information of the end-users and data on the performance of the system, including the quality of the calls or other communication services provided.

FIG. 9 shows a system in which a multiple application unit is configured to communicate with a carrier, a server and one or more base stations. FIG. 9 is simplified example of another wireless distribution system (WDS) 900. The system includes one or more carriers 901 providing services through a series of cell towers 903. Alternatively, or in addition, distribution may be provided through trunk lines and distribution centers. However distribution is effected, the distribution centers or cell towers are equipped with multiple application modules or multiple application units 905. The situation is analogous to others described above, such as installations in buildings or venues, in which service distribution points are equipped with multiple application modules for providing additional services, tracking the services and providing data on the services and how they are provided. For example, a carrier may request the data service of MAU 905 to set the tuner for the transmitter of the MAU to scan the frequency channels to determine the QoS of the signals from one or more base stations with which it is connected. The resulting metrics may inform the provider on which channels might provide service of better QoS in the vicinity of the MAU. In this way, the client device is configured to scan bands available from the base station and determine a quality of service of a scanned band of frequencies. For instance, the quality of service detected by the MAU might be the power level of a scanned band of frequencies.

In addition to communicating directly with the service providers or carriers 901, the multiple application units 905 can communicate indirectly, and perhaps more conveniently, using the Internet and a cloud server 907 that is available to the multiple application units 905, almost regardless of their location; but with location-based services, able to report on their location as well as their service.

FIG. 10 shows one method of communicating according to the present disclosure. In this method 1000, a provider transmits a downlink signal or receives an uplink signal 1001 in a wireless distribution system (WDS). The signals are used to communicate 1003 via a wireless service with the wireless distribution system. The provider then executes a mobile application 1005 to provide a data service utilizing the wireless service that provides the WDS with at least one datum on the transmitted downlink signal or the received uplink signal of the WDS. The provider then communicates 1007 the at least one datum to the wireless distribution system.

FIG. 11 shows an exemplary process of a MAM monitoring live signals in the WDS, creating application level information about the monitored signals, and communicating the application level information to other systems. This process 1100 can be performed with an application layer application executing in a processor of a multiple application module. In this regard, the process starts at 1110. External or internal events may occur 1112 related to monitoring of signals in a WDS or request for the application level information 35 for a MAM. If the MAM determines that these events are not related 1114, the MAM does not respond to such events 1116 and the process ends 1118. If the event detected by the MAM is related to monitoring of signals or requests to communicate the application level information to other systems in the MAM, the MAM communicates to or within the WDS via wired or wireless communications related to the detected event 1120. The application layer on the MAM is triggered by the internal or external event, or a combination thereof 1122. The triggered application layer application may execute with the MAM and/or external to the MAM depending on resource availability in the MAM 1124. If there are sufficient internal processing resources available in the MAM 1126, the MAM determines whether there is a need for external resources as well 1136 and if no then runs the application using the internal resources 1138. If there are not sufficient processing resources available in the MAM 1126, the MAM determines whether there are external resources available 1128. If not, the MAM waits 1130 until resources are available to process the event. Once resources are available, the application is executed using the external resources to process the event relating to monitoring of signals in a WDS 1132. The application level information generated by the application executing based on signal monitoring can be communicated directly to a user from the MAM or in a consolidated form with other application level information stored in internal memory of the multiple application module using wired or wireless communications 1134, and the process ends 1118.

FIGS. 12-14 illustrate some of additional illustrative applications of this disclosure. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a process execution architecture using multiple application modules as part of a network. FIG. 13 depicts an example of how a multiple application module architecture and methodology is used to control a remote application using such a network, using a multiple application module for a finer degree of control. FIG. 14 is a flow chart or decision process for one application of such a module.

In FIG. 12, a network 1200 includes a wireless distribution system 1201 with a multiple application module 1203, such as one of the MAMs discussed above. The network includes the Internet 1210, or access to the Internet. The memory of the MAM also includes a prioritization and execution policy 1205 and also relevant information, including data and events 1207, of the MAM's sensors and processes. As discussed above, a multiple application module can include sensors, such as: a temperature sensor; a GPS (global positioning system) sensor, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) sensor, a location sensor; an accelerometer; and the like. The memory of the MAM also includes a program 1209 for process execution and for generation of information, including data and events. The information used by the MAM is gathered from relevant information in systems 1211 external to the wireless distribution system 1201. Relevant information is also gathered from within the wireless distribution system, e.g., from other components and elements 1213 of the wireless distribution system that are external to the MAM 1203. Additional relevant information is also gathered from members 1215 of the network, e.g., users in communication with the network 1200. The information gathered from all sources is used in the MAM's prioritization and execution policy 1203, that is, the order and manner in which the MAM processes the information and executes.

The architecture of wireless distribution system 1201 as part of a network 1200 is useful in sharing the workload of the WDS components. This structure is useful in sharing the work load of WDS component modules or units 1213 external to the MAM by utilizing the MAM's internal high processing capabilities and memory. By acting as an element of the network 1200, the multiple application module 1203 collects information relevant to the application or task at hand in several ways to follow processes and execute processes and actions, while guided by the inputs and by the prioritization and execution policies 1205. Multiple application module 1203 communicates with its internal sensors/processes/events 1207 using existing hardware and software in methodologies similar to those of a mobile user equipment. Module 1203 also consolidates requests from the users and applications within its coverage area, and also from the users and applications in the coverage area of the wireless distribution system 1201. Module 1203 accomplishes these tasks with the network of MAMs with which it is in communication, utilizing standard communication interfaces of the module.

Just as module 1203 includes a prioritization and execution policy, additional multiple application modules in the network of MAMs will include their own prioritization and execution policies, such as guidelines for assisting other modules in the network. The guidelines for the MAMs may include an overall mitigation and consolidation application based on the requests from individual users received by the individual MAMs, including module 1203. The guidelines will assist in consolidating relevant requests from the users, events and applications, even from those outside the wireless distribution system 1201 via relevant communication systems, e.g., the internet 1210. The guidelines will assist in automated correlation of the relevant information from all sources, including the Internet, with related local parameters and corresponding decision making.

Another example of such a distributed system is depicted in FIG. 13. Wireless distribution system 1300 includes a remote data center 1311 with computer-generated weather forecasts and use-of-power optimization algorithms. The center 1311 is in contact with a multiple application module 1301 which includes a plurality of apps 1303, including an application for managing an indoor temperature of a structure 1305, which may be a house, a remote data-gathering station, or an outpost not conveniently accessible to a person. In such situations, it may be important to minimize power consumption in order to extend the time between maintenance or other visits to the site. The module 1301 may be part of a user equipment in a single package, and may aim to use one or more of the communication technologies of such user equipment, e.g., enabling one or more of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth® and ZigBee® technologies and their networks with the wireless distribution system 1300. One important element in minimizing power consumption is to monitor power consumption.

In one embodiment, in the communication system as described above, the mobile application includes an instance that provides management of heat dissipation of a location, the sensor is a temperature sensor; and the multi applications processor is configured to execute the instance to provide management of heat dissipation of a location based on data from the temperature sensor.

Power consumption monitoring is important not only for the module itself, but for the processes and devices it may control or monitor. Thus, if the module itself includes a temperature sensor, at least its own temperature, a first indication of power consumption, can be monitored. The module may also be within Bluetooth® or ZigBee® range of a device or a process whose power consumption or temperature is being monitored or controlled using the module. The remote process, its temperature and its power consumption may be monitored and reported by the module. Action may be taken if the process or the temperature or the power consumption goes out-of-bounds.

In some locations, there may be no power available except for batteries, with no means available for recharging the batteries. In other locations, power may be available to operate the equipment or to recharge the battery or batteries, but it may still be desirable to minimize power consumption. One option, if power is available, is to continuously charge the stationary module 1301 with a constant power feed and to run power-hungry processes via direct electric power feed rather than utilizing the battery. Other options available may include scheduling the activation and deactivation times of the module, and if possible, timing the execution of the various processes to be performed by the module. For example, if the site is subject to time-of-day surcharges, it may be possible to schedule battery recharging at night, when rates are lower. Even if the site and the module must be active during high-surcharge times, it may be possible to re-charge when rates are lower, or when additional power is available. While charges for one site may be small, the charges, and possible savings, may be significant for a large network with a plurality of sites.

Power consumption may also be minimized by monitoring power usage and correlating with other modules in the network and by delegating the execution load to other modules via distributed process execution. It may also be possible to use “power utilization-process execution” emergent knowledge to further refine the prioritization and execution policy. It is also possible to monitor the temperature of the heat sink(s) of the module and to correlate heat dissipation trends indicated by temperature sensors of the module and its peripherals to processes running on the module. At a minimum this may be a clue to power consumption and may help to extend the battery life and the mean time between failures (MTBF) of the module itself.

One possible control process for monitoring power consumption is depicted in FIG. 14. The process 1400 includes a start step 1401, followed by a check 1403 on whether the prioritization execution policy has changed or whether there is a new policy. If yes, the execution policy followed by the process is updated 1404. Using the correct policy, the system asks whether charging power is available 1405 or if power is needed to operate a process or to charge a battery or other source of power. If charging power is needed and is available, the module then activates 1409 the powering system. If charging power is not available, the module then activates 1407 a back-up policy or procedure. The module also may keep track of each decision and each check on the power. As desired, the module will also report on outages of charging power and will also report when it is necessary to activate the available back-up power. Either of these circumstances may constitute an emergency for the system.

In the illustrative embodiment, the control process is for monitoring power consumption. However, it will be appreciated that similar control processes may be implanted to perform other tasks within a network. In addition, any prioritization execution policies used in connection with these processes and the frequency of their updates is a matter of design choice.

For example, another embodiment is a communication system as described above, wherein the mobile application includes an instance that provides management of signals from a base station based upon GPS coordinates, the sensor is a GPS sensor, and the multi applications processor is configured to execute the instance to provide management of signals from a base station based on data from the GPS sensor. Alternatively, position coordinates, such as GPS coordinates, for example, may be manually entered. Another embodiment is a communication system as described above, wherein the mobile application includes an instance that provides tracking of emergency equipment and the multi applications processor is configured to execute the instance to provide tracking of emergency equipment. Another embodiment is the communication system as described above, wherein the mobile application includes an instance that manages power consumption by the client device, the instance being configured to toggle a power feed to the client device between a power source and a battery.

In another embodiment, the mobile application includes an instance that: monitors a predetermined event; detects a predetermined parameter; and manages the predetermined event based upon the detected predetermined parameter

In general, the multiple application modules disclosed herein are useful for sharing and extending the work load of wireless distribution systems by utilizing the high processing capabilities and memory of the modules. Smart phones are sufficiently smart that their computing and communications capabilities are underutilized. The present disclosure show how to utilize the multiple wired and wireless media connections of a mobile user equipment, such as a smart phone, to provide redundant backhaul options. Backhaul refers to the ability of a network to send data from end users to the network backbone. It may also refer to the use of wireless communications to transport data from an end user to a node in a major network, such as the Internet or a proprietary communications network, e.g., a large company, academic institution or a government agency. This enables the network to reach out and monitor quality of service (QoS) to the end user, e.g., data concerning the bit rate and bit rate errors.

This ability helps network providers to achieve network robustness by enabling multiple back-haul options on the module namely, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, ZigBee® and the cellular network of the mobile user equipment. Useful connectors may include a USB-to-fiber connector, or a micro-USB-to-fiber, or other connector, in order to use the module's USB or similar communication port. The backhaul application on a multiple application module continuously monitors different backhauls and routes traffic via the best option as guided by the “priority and execution policy” discussed above, and routes the traffic accordingly. This capability can help carriers to maintain a high quality of service to end users who previously did not have an available backhaul route.

Other uses also attach to the modules disclosed herein. Depending on the needs of the users for a (stationary) multiple equipment module, a part of the hardware and software may be modified or added to enable or to add non-mobile applications. These may include emulation and simulation, e.g., mobility, using the GPS sensing and location sensing capabilities of the module. Another example may be leveraging GPS sensor-generated x, y, z coordinates of the module or similar x, y, z coordinates. In this example, either system-generated or manual entry of a location may be used to locate other multiple application modules, multiple application units and the wireless distribution system components they are associated with. This information may be used for context generation and communication.

As discussed above, using GPS sensors and having an ability to locate a given device or multiple application module in real time is of course useful in delivering location-based services. A service provider may be identified and a better service provider may be located using automatic SSID (service set identifier) identification and coding. Multiple application modules may include multiple wireless interfaces for hosting a plurality of location-based services. The multiple application modules of the present disclosure will unobtrusively collect user equipment (module) location information, e.g., the x, y, z coordinates mentioned above, from one or more location-based services running on the module(s).

This may also be useful in enabling correlation or tracking of one or more carriers that provide service to the system. Present mobile user equipment is able to receive telephone calls from multiple carriers and connect with multiple carriers in making calls. Using this technology as a stationary multiple application module or a mobile multiple application unit, its GPS locating capability enables carrier correlation with user location. Thus, user equipment performance to a remote wireless distribution system can be quantified. It is also possible to adjust the performance of the wireless distribution system using industry standards that apply to user equipment, such as smart phones. These adjustments may use industry-standard communication protocols and industry-standard communication interfaces. By enabling access to different communication media supported by the multiple application module, a carrier or provider can utilize built-in redundancy to control the wireless distribution system and the downstream distributed antenna system (DAS). FIG. 15 shows a network optimization device 1501 in the form factor of the FIG. 2A client device according to this disclosure depicting a data service in either internal or external memory. More specifically, the network optimization device 1501 comprises a user equipment 200 comprising a multiple application processor 212, a wireless service processor 228, a memory 222 or a memory 224 (or both memories 222 and 224), a peripheral interface port 214, and a sensor 240. Each of the multiple application processor 212, the wireless service processor 228, the peripheral interface port 214, and the sensor 240 communicate data over a communication interface 226. Each of the multiple application processor 212, the wireless service processor 228, the peripheral interface port 214, the sensor 240, and the communication interface 226 have the same function and operation as described in connection with FIG. 2A above. The multiple application processor 212 is configured to execute an instance of a data service 1510 which in FIG. 15 is shown residing in either internal memory 22 or external memory illustratively connected to the user equipment 200 through peripheral interface port 214.

FIG. 16 is the data service 1510 depicted in FIG. 15 illustrating a filter data interface 1620 and a remote access interface 1630 embodiment of this disclosure. The filter data interface 1620 is configured to filter data that is sent and received across the communication interface 226 by selectively acquiring user equipment data related to network performance. The second interface 1630 is configured to allow remote access to the selected network performance data. Hence, in this embodiment, the multiple application processor 212 is configured to execute the instance of a data service 1510 to advantageously establish: a first interface configured to filter data that is sent and received across the communication interface 226 by selectively acquiring user equipment data related to network performance, and a second interface configured to allow remote access to the selected network performance data.

In another embodiment, the first interface is further configured to store the selected network performance in the memory 222 and/or 224 and the second interface is further configured to allow remote access to the selected network performance data stored in the memory.

The selected network performance data acquired by the first interface 1620 illustratively includes data on a signal that may indicate Quality of Service (QoS). For example, the data may include data on the band on which the user equipment 200 is operating. The data may include signal strength, signal quality, bit rate and bit error rate of the signal. The data may also include data on other signals that the user equipment 200 may scan when tuning to a channel for communication. The data to be selected may be determined by a carrier, a provider, a third party, or the like.

The remote access interface 1630 may include remote access user configuration data associated with the user equipment 200. The remote access user configuration data restricts users who may remotely access the selected network performance data to authorized users, such as a service carrier, a provider, or other authorized parties. Illustratively, the configuration data may be set in the user equipment at the point of sale of the user equipment. For example, a user may agree to have such configuration data programmed into the user equipment as part of a contract for service. Alternatively, a user may download an application for the data service and set user permissions for remote access as part of the download, registration, and/or during use of the application. In this and other ways, the remote access interface 1630 manages data traffic it allows to the user equipment.

Remote access to the selected network performance data may be wirelessly via the wireless service processor 228. Alternatively, the remote access to the selected network performance data may be via the peripheral interface port 214.

In the embodiment wherein the first interface is further configured to store the selected network performance in the memory 222 and/or 224 and the second interface is further configured to allow remote access to the selected network performance data stored in the memory, it is advantageous for the stored data to be correlated to the user equipment. FIG. 17 shows a registry 1710 of data 1730 filtered by the filter data interface of FIG. 16 and stored in memory 222 and/or 224 with a unique ID 1720 according to this disclosure. In the illustrative example, the unique ID 1720 is depicted as a cell number of the user equipment. Alternatively, the unique identifier may be a cell number, an identifier of a base station tower providing cell service to the user equipment, identifiers of base station towers in communication with the user equipment, an identifier of a wireless access point address providing wireless service to the user equipment, a GPS location, the like, and a combination thereof.

Advantageously, the unique identifier associates the network performance data to some attribute of the user equipment which may be the user equipment itself, a GPS location, a base station tower, or some other network parameter that defines the user equipment at the point of the acquired data. Any data that is remotely exported from the user equipment may carry an origination stamp of the user equipment such as the cell number of the user equipment. Alternatively, the data may carry an origination stamp of a GPS location, a base station tower, an access point, or some other attribute that the data is associated with. Any combination of these or other origination stamps may be associated with the data to allow the network to better manage exported data taken from a network of user equipment.

FIG. 18 is an illustrative embodiment of the use of the client device of FIG. 15 to optimize a network of base stations. FIG. 18 depicts a network 1810 comprising a group of base stations 1820, 1822, 1824; a carrier 901, a cloud server 907, and a user equipment 200. The base stations 1820, 1822, 1824; the carrier 901, the cloud server 907, and the user equipment 200 operate in a manner previously described with the user equipment 200 operating according to the embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 15 and 16. The carrier 901 is shown illustratively communicating with the base stations and the user equipment 200. The carrier 901 may also communicate with the user equipment using the cloud server 907. In this instance, the carrier 901 may also communicate with the cloud server 907. Alternatively, cloud server 907 may be operated by a third party that the user equipment 200 has granted remote access to the selected data through the remote access interface 1630 of selected network performance data acquired by the first interface 1620. As shown in FIG. 18, the user equipment 200 may also communicate with the base stations, the carrier 901, and the cloud server 907.

To enable the functionality described, the instance of the data service configured with the first interface and the second interface would need to be downloaded onto the user equipment. As previously explained, the instance may come with the user equipment on purchase or be downloaded to the user equipment at a later time. In addition, remote access permission configurations may illustratively be set at the point of sale or subsequently as part of the download installation or operation of the application.

When the utility equipment 200 is operating, data is sent and received across the communication interface 226. As shown in FIG. 18, the data on which the first data interface 1620 operates may be sent and received across the communication interface 226 directly from the base stations, the carrier 901, and/or the cloud server 907. Alternatively, the data sent and received across the communication interface 226 may come from the sensors 240, the peripheral interface port 214, the multiple application processor 212, the memory 22 and/or 224, the wireless service processor 228, and/or a combination of these. In either case, the first data interface 1620 is configured to selectively acquire user equipment data related to the network performance. The specific user equipment data may be specified by the carrier 901, the cloud server 907, and the like. The data acquired by the first data interface 1620 may be stored in the memory 222 and/or 224.

The second interface 1630 provides the remote access to the acquired network performance data by either the carrier 901 or the cloud server 907 in this illustrative embodiment provided that the carrier 901 and the cloud server 907 have the permissions required by the user equipment configuration data to remotely access the acquired network performance data.

Access by the carrier 901 or the cloud server 907 or through the peripheral interface port 214 may occur in real time. The remote access may occur by polling the user equipment. For example, the remote wireless access may occur by polling of the second interface by the server. The polling of the second interface by the server may occur at a predetermined period of time.

In addition, the second interface may be further configured to provide a scheduled uploading of the selected network performance data stored in the memory to the server. Further, the second interface may be configured to download from the server updates to the second interface. Moreover, the second interface or another instance may be configured to install the downloaded updates on the user equipment.

FIG. 19 shows the FIG. 7 architecture of an illustrative wireless distribution system (WDS) illustrating the use of the client device of FIG. 15 to optimize the wireless distribution system. More specifically, FIG. 19 shows a wireless distribution system comprising head-end equipment 703 including one or more MAMs 705, intermediate equipment 711 (which may include an OIU not shown) including a MAM 713; remote units 715, 719 including MAMs 717, 721; intermediate equipment 711 including MAM 713, a plurality of MAUs 723, 725, 727, 729, 731; and user equipment 1920, 1930 with the data service configured with the first interface 1620 and the second interface 1630 of this disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 19, each of user equipment 1920 and 1930 may be in communication with one or more of the foregoing components of the network. Data sent and received from these network devices across the communication interface 226 and data sent and received from the sensors 250, peripheral interface port 214, multiple application processor 212, memory 222 and/or 224, and/or wireless service processor 228 across the communication interface 226 may be operated on by the first interface 1620 of this disclosure to acquire user equipment data related to network performance. Further, any one or more of these components may remotely access the selected network data acquired by the user equipment through the second interface 1630 of this disclosure provided that they have the permissions required by the user device to do so.

In one illustrative embodiment, user equipment 1920 is communicating wirelessly with the network as shown by communication links depicted in dashed line in FIG. 19. Alternatively, user equipment 1920 may use a wired connection to communicate with the network, as shown by communication link 1925. For example, user equipment 1920 and MAU 731 may transfer data over a USB cable connected between them.

FIGS. 20 and 21 are illustrative methods for using the client device of FIGS. 15 and 16. FIG. 20 shows a method 2001 for optimizing a network. Data that is sent and received across a communication interface 226 is filtered 2020 to selectively acquire user equipment data related to network performance. The selected network performance data is then remotely accessed 2030.

In FIG. 21, the illustrative method 2101 includes storing 2120 selected performance data in a memory; and the selected network performance data stored in the memory is remotely accessed 2130.

In either and other examples, the selected network performance data may include data on a signal that may indicate Quality of Service (QoS). For example, the data may include data on the band on which the user equipment 200 is operating. The data may include signal strength, signal quality, bit rate and bit error rate of the signal. The data may also include data on other signals that the user equipment 200 may scan when tuning to a channel for communication. The data to be selected may be determined by a carrier, a provider, a third party, or the like.

In either and other examples, remote access of the selected network performance data may be wirelessly via a wireless service processor. Alternatively, the remote access may be via wire using the peripheral interface port 214.

FIG. 22 depicts a wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210 according to this disclosure comprising a plurality of devices 2220. Each of devices 2220 in wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210 may be a multiple application module (MAM), a multiple application unit (MAU), or a user equipment (UE). The devices may be distributed throughout the wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210 as shown in FIG. 19. As shown in FIG. 22, the devices may be provided with process execution instructions 2224 to perform processes for optimizing a network system such as previously explained in connection with FIG. 14. The devices may generate relevant event, data, and other information 2226 that may be used by the wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210. The devices 2220 may access or be provided by relevant event, data, and other information 2250 from users, appliances, and/or network applications running on a user equipment. The devices 2220 may access or be provided with relevant event, data, information 2240 from other devices (e.g., other multiple application module(s) (MAM), multiple application unit(s) (MAU), or user equipment(s) (UE) in the wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210. The devices 2220 may also access or be provided with relevant event, data, information 2230 from other networks (not shown). The teachings of this disclosure allow for data and information from within wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210 and from outside wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210 to be used to optimize the performance of wireless distribution system (WDS) 2210.

In this regard, FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary MAM 2330. As will be discussed in more detail below, the MAM 2330 can be associated with one or more components of a WDS as a client device to monitor live signals (e.g., component power, RF power or communications signals) in the WDS and create application level information (e.g., application level data) about the monitored signals. The MAM 2330 is configured with one or more application layer applications 2332, such as provided in an application layer 2334 of an OSI model, as a non-limiting example. In this example, an application layer application 2332 is configured to retrieve information about monitored signals in a WDS from lower layers 2336 in the MAM 2330 to generate application level information 2338 about the monitored signals. Context information can be included in the application level information 2338 about the monitored signals for additional information that requires application level processing, as opposed to lower layer signal monitoring that may not include context information.

For example, the MAM 2330 may include one or more sensors 2340(1)-2340(P) that can be employed to sense information about monitored signals in a WDS that is provided to software application layer application 2332 (also referred to herein as “application layer application 2332”) in the application layer 2334 of the MAM 2330 to generate application level information 2338 about the monitored signals. For example, one of the sensors 2340 may be a power level detector configured to determine a power level (e.g., a RF power level) of a monitored signal, wherein the application level information 2338 relates to power level of the monitored signals. As an example, the application level information 2338 may include a history of power level information for the monitored signal, as opposed to just a physical level power level, for additional context information. Thus, the power level information in the application level information 2338 may be more useful in calibrating gain levels in the WDS than just one power level about the monitored signal. The application layer application 2332 in the MAM 2330 can then communicate this application level information 2338 through a communications interface to other systems for use in diagnosing and/or calibrating a WDS. Further, because the application layer applications 2332 in the MAM 2330 may be open architecture applications, customers or technicians may be able to load their own application layer applications 2338 in the MAM 2330, including customized applications, for monitoring signals in their WDS and providing application level information 2338, and/or forming an application network.

In this regard, with continuing reference to FIG. 23, the MAM 2330 in this embodiment includes a number of communications interfaces 2342(1)-2342(N) that can communicate the application level information 2338 to other systems. For example, the communications interfaces 2342 can include a cellular modem 2342(1), Wi-Fi interface 2342(2), and Bluetooth® module 2342(3), as shown in FIG. 23. As will be described in more detail below, the MAM 2330 will be incorporated into a WDS component as a client device that is capable of receiving communications distributed through the DAS, such as cellular communications signals through the cellular modem 2342(1) and Wi-Fi signals through the Wi-Fi interface 2342(2). Because, the MAM 2330 appears as a client device in the WDS, the MAM 2330 can also transmit communications signals through a communications interface 2342 within a WDS like client devices, or outside the WDS, to other recipients, including technician or service personnel communications devices to provide the application level information 2338 about monitored signals. The Bluetooth® module 2342(3) in this example allows for local communications to the MAM 2330 to retrieve application level information 2338 outside of the WDS, if desired. Also, because the MAM 2330 has the functionality of a client device in the WDS, the MAM 2330 may also be configured to receive calls or other communications from another system through the WDS to retrieve the application level information 2338 from the MAM 2330. In this regard, the application layer applications 2332 in the MAM 2330 may facilitate the MAM 2330 to initiate providing application level information 2338 to other systems without being requested, such as due to alarm conditions or other criteria or thresholds being exceeded.

The MAM 2330 may also have other components that are useful in monitoring signals in a WDS. For example, the MAM 2330 may include a global positioning module (GPS) 2344 that can allow the MAM 2330 to determine its location and communicate this location in conjunction with application level information 2338. The MAM 2330 may also include an audio component 2346, such as to allow the MAM 2330 to respond to voice commands or provide application level information 2338 about monitored signals audially, as examples.

Because the MAM 2330 provides application layer applications 2332 for providing application level information 2338 about monitored signals, less cost and faster development times may be realized since changes to the application layer applications 2332 can be made in software rather than through hardware updates. The MAM 2330 allows uploads for new application layer applications 2332 to be provided in the application layer 2334 or updates to existing application layer applications 2332 in the application layer 2334. Also, by allowing for application layer applications 2332 in the MAM 2330, outsider developers, including individual developers, can develop third party software applications for the MAM 2330 for further availability to WDS application layer applications for cost effective development.

FIG. 24A is a schematic diagram of another exemplary optical fiber-based distributed antenna system (DAS) 2450 as an example of a WDS that may include MAMs 2430 for monitoring of signals. In this embodiment, the optical fiber-based DAS 2450 includes optical fiber for distributing RF communication services. The optical fiber-based DAS 2450 in this embodiment is comprised of three (3) main components. One or more radio interfaces provided in the form of radio interface modules (RIMs) 2452(1)-2452(M) in this embodiment are provided in head end equipment (HEE) 2454 to receive and process downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(R) from one or more base stations 2457(1)-2457(T) (FIG. 24B) prior to optical conversion into downlink optical RF communications signals. The RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) provide both downlink and uplink interfaces. The notations “1-R” and “1-M” indicate that any number of the referenced component, 1-R and 1-M, respectively, may be provided. MAMs 2430 can be included in the RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) or provided in the same location, housing, or packaging as the RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M), to monitor the downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(R) prior to optical conversion into downlink optical RF communications signals. As will be described in more detail below, the HEE 2454 is configured to accept a plurality of RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) as modular components that can easily be installed and removed or replaced in the HEE 2454. In one embodiment, the HEE 2454 is configured to support up to eight (8) RIMs 2452(1)-2452(8).

Each RIM 2452(1)-2452(M) can be designed to support a particular type of radio source or range of radio sources (i.e., frequencies) to provide flexibility in configuring the HEE 2454 and the optical fiber-based DAS 2450 to support the desired radio sources. For example, one RIM 2452 may be configured to support the Personal Communication Services (PCS) radio band. Another RIM 2452 may be configured to support the 700 MHz radio band. In this example, by inclusion of these RIMs 2452, the HEE 2454 would be configured to support and distribute RF communications signals on both PCS and 700 MHz radio bands. RIMs 2452 may be provided in the HEE 2454 that support any frequency bands desired, including but not limited to the US Cellular band, Personal Communication Services (PCS) band, Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) band, 700 MHz band, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) 900, GSM 1800, and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). RIMs 2452 may be provided in the HEE 2454 that support any wireless technologies desired, including but not limited to Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), CDMA200, 1×RTT, Evolution—Data Only (EV-DO), UMTS, High-speed Packet Access (HSPA), GSM, General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), iDEN, and Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD).

RIMs 2452 may be provided in the HEE 2454 that support any frequencies desired, including but not limited to US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (824-849 MHz on uplink and 869-894 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1850-1915 MHz on uplink and 1930-1995 MHz on downlink), US FCC and Industry Canada frequencies (1710-1755 MHz on uplink and 2110-2155 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (698-716 MHz and 776-787 MHz on uplink and 728-746 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (880-915 MHz on uplink and 925-960 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1710-1785 MHz on uplink and 1805-1880 MHz on downlink), EU R & TTE frequencies (1920-1980 MHz on uplink and 2110-2170 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (806-824 MHz on uplink and 851-869 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (896-901 MHz on uplink and 929-941 MHz on downlink), US FCC frequencies (793-805 MHz on uplink and 763-775 MHz on downlink), and US FCC frequencies (2495-2690 MHz on uplink and downlink).

The downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(R) are provided to a plurality of optical interfaces provided in the form of optical interface modules (OIMs) 2458(1)-2458(N) in this embodiment to convert the downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(N) into downlink optical RF communications signals 2460D(1)-2460D(R). MAMs 2430 can also be included in the OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N), or provided in the same location, housing, or packaging as the OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N), to monitor the downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(R) prior to optical conversion into downlink optical RF communications signals 2460D(1)-2460D(R). The notation “1-N” indicates that any number of the referenced component 1-N may be provided. The OIMs 2458 may be configured to provide one or more optical interface components (OICs) that contain O/E and E/O converters, as will be described in more detail below. The OIMs 2458 support the radio bands that can be provided by the RIMs 2452, including the examples previously described above. Thus, in this embodiment, the OIMs 2458 may support a radio band range from 400 MHz to 2700 MHz, as an example, so providing different types or models of OIMs 2458 for narrower radio bands to support possibilities for different radio band-supported RIMs 2452 provided in the HEE 2454 is not required. Further, as an example, the OIMs 2458 may be optimized for sub-bands within the 400 MHz to 2700 MHz frequency range, such as 400-700 MHz, 700 MHz-1 GHz, 1 GHz-1.6 GHz, and 1.6 GHz-2.7 GHz, as examples.

The OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N) each include E/O converters to convert the downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(R) to downlink optical RF communications signals 2460D(1)-2460D(R). The downlink optical RF communications signals 2460D(1)-2460D(R) are communicated over downlink optical fiber(s) 2463D to a plurality of remote antenna units (RAUs) 2462(1)-2462(P). The notation “1-P” indicates that any number of the referenced component 1-P may be provided. O/E converters provided in the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P) convert the downlink optical RF communications signals 2460D(1)-2460D(R) back into downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(R), which are provided over downlinks 2464(1)-2464(P) coupled to antennas 2466(1)-2466(P) in the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P) to client devices 2426 in the reception range of the antennas 2466(1)-2466(P). MAMs 2430 can also be included in the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P), or provided in the same location, housing, or packaging as the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P), to monitor the downlink electrical RF communications signals 2456D(1)-2456D(R). E/O converters are also provided in the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P) to convert uplink electrical RF communications signals received from client devices 2426 through the antennas 2466(1)-2466(P) into uplink optical RF communications signals 2468U(1)-2468U(R) to be communicated over uplink optical fibers 2463U to the OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N). The MAMs 2430 associated with the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P) can also monitor the uplink electrical RF communications signals 2456U(1)-2456U(R). The OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N) include 0/E converters that convert the uplink optical RF communications signals 2468U(1)-2468U(R) into uplink electrical RF communications signals 2470U(1)-2470U(R) that are processed by the RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) and provided as uplink electrical RF communications signals 2472U(1)-2472U(R). Downlink electrical digital signals 2473D(1)-2473D(P), such as Ethernet signals, communicated over downlink electrical medium or media (hereinafter “medium”) 2475D(1)-2475D(P) can be provided to the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P), such as from a digital data services (DDS) controller and/or DDS switch as provided by example in FIG. 24B, separately from the RF communication services, as well as uplink electrical digital signals 2473U(1)-2473U(P) communicated over uplink electrical medium 2475U(1)-2475U(P), as also illustrated in FIG. 24B. MAMs 2430 associated with the OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N) and/or the RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) can also monitor the uplink electrical RF communications signals 2470U(1)-2470U(R). Common elements between FIGS. 24A and 24B are illustrated in FIG. 24B with common element numbers. Power may be provided in the downlink and/or uplink electrical medium 2475D(1)-2475D(P) and/or 2475U(1)-2475U(P) to the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P).

FIG. 24B is a schematic diagram of providing digital data services and RF communication services to RAUs and/or other remote communications units in the optical fiber-based DAS 2450 of FIG. 24A. Common components between FIGS. 24A and 24B have the same element numbers and thus will not be re-described. As illustrated in FIG. 24B, a power supply module (PSM) 2483 may be provided to provide power to the RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) and radio distribution cards (RDCs) 2477 that distribute the RF communications from the RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) to the OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N) through RDCs 2479. In one embodiment, the RDCs 2477, 2479 can support different sectorization needs. A PSM 2485 may also be provided to provide power the OIMs 2458(1)-2458(N). An interface 2481, which may include web and network management system (NMS) interfaces, may also be provided to allow configuration and communication to the RIMs 2452(1)-2452(M) and other components of the optical fiber-based DAS 2450. A microcontroller, microprocessor, or other control circuitry, called a head-end controller (HEC) 2487 may be included in HEE 2454 to provide control operations for the HEE 2454. The MAMs 2430 may also be incorporated into or associated with one or more interconnect units (ICUs) 2486, as shown in FIG. 24B, to monitor power signals as the ICUs 2486 provide power signals to the RAUs 2462(1)-2462(P) or route information about other monitored signals to other components or other MAMs 2430 in the DAS 2450.

FIG. 25 is another schematic diagram of exemplary DAS components of the DAS 2450 in which the MAM 2330 in FIG. 23 can be associated with to monitor live signals in the WDS, create application level information about the monitored signals, and communicate the application level information to other systems. The MAM 2530 can communicate application level information 2338 as client devices in the DAS 2450 to other devices outside the DAS 2450, or to other MAMs 2430 in other components in the DAS 2450. The MAM 2530 may also serve as a network device, such as an access point, to collect monitored signal information, including application level information, from other MAMs 2430 and/or components in the DAS 2450, which can be passed along to other components or systems.

The application level information 2338 generated by the application layer application 2332 executing based on signal monitoring can be communicated directly to a user from the MAM 2330 or in a consolidated form with other application level information 2338 stored in an internal memory (such as internal memory 222 in FIG. 2A) using wired or wireless communications. For example, FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of a MAM 2630 wirelessly, or through wired communication, communicating application level information (such as application level information 2338 in FIG. 23) about monitored signals to other portable devices 2640(1)-2640(3). With reference back to FIG. 11, if internal resources were available in the MAM 30 (or MAM 2630) to process the signal monitoring event (block 1126), and external resources are not needed (block 1136), the MAM 30 (or MAM 2630) can simply execute the application layer application (such as application layer application 2332 in FIG. 23) to process the monitored signals to generate the application level information 2338 (block 1138).

The DAS 2450 in FIGS. 24A and 24B may also be provided in an indoor environment, as illustrated in FIG. 27. FIG. 27 is a partially schematic cut-away diagram of a building infrastructure 2742 employing the DAS 2750 described herein. The building infrastructure 2742 in this embodiment includes a first (ground) floor 2744(1), a second floor 2744(2), and a third floor 2744(3). The floors 2744(1)-2744(3) are serviced by the central unit 2746 to provide the antenna coverage areas 2748 in the building infrastructure 2742. The central unit 2746 is communicatively coupled to the base station 2750 to receive downlink communications signals 2756D from the base station 2750. The central unit 2746 is communicatively coupled to the remote antenna units 2762 to receive the uplink communications signals 2756U from the remote antenna units 2762, as previously discussed above. The downlink and uplink communications signals 2756D, 2756U communicated between the central unit 2746 and the remote antenna units 2762 are carried over a riser cable 2752. The riser cable 2752 may be routed through interconnect units (ICUs) 2786(1)-2786(3) dedicated to each floor 2744(1)-2744(3) that route the downlink and uplink communications signals 2730D, 2738U to the remote antenna units 2762 and also provide power to the remote antenna units 2762 via array cables 2754.

FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram representation of additional detail illustrating a computer system 2860 that could be employed in any MAM 30 disclosed herein. The computer system 2860 is adapted to execute instructions for an application layer application (such as application layer application 2332) from an exemplary computer-readable medium to perform these and/or any of the functions or processing described herein. In this regard, the computer system 2860 in FIG. 28 may include a set of instructions that may be executed to calculate gain of DAS segment in a DAS. The computer system 2860 may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines in a LAN, an Intranet, an extranet, or the Internet. While only a single device is illustrated, the term “device” shall also be taken to include any collection of devices that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein. The computer system 2860 may be a circuit or circuits included in an electronic board card, such as, a printed circuit board (PCB), a server, a personal computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a computing pad, a mobile device, or any other device, and may represent, for example, a server or a user's computer.

The exemplary computer system 2860 in this embodiment includes a processing device or processor 2862, a main memory 2864 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), etc.), and a static memory 2866 (e.g., flash memory, static random access memory (SRAM), etc.), which may communicate with each other via a data bus 2868. Alternatively, the processor 2862 may be connected to the main memory 2864 and/or static memory 2866 directly or via some other connectivity means. The processor 2862 may be a controller, and the main memory 2864 or static memory 2866 may be any type of memory. Application level information (such as application layer information 2338 in FIG. 23) may be stored in static memory 2866.

The processor 2862 represents one or more general-purpose processing devices, such as a microprocessor, central processing unit, or the like. The processor 2862 may be one of the core processors 216 in FIG. 2A. More particularly, the processor 2862 may be a complex instruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) microprocessor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) microprocessor, a processor implementing other instruction sets, or other processors implementing a combination of instruction sets. The processor 2862 is configured to execute processing logic in instructions for performing the operations and steps discussed herein.

The computer system 2860 may further include a network interface device 2870. The computer system 2860 also may or may not include an input 2872, configured to receive input and selections to be communicated to the computer system 2860 when executing instructions. The computer system 2860 also may or may not include an output 2874, including but not limited to a display, a video display unit (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device (e.g., a keyboard), and/or a cursor control device (e.g., a mouse).

The computer system 2860 may or may not include a data storage device that includes instructions 2878 stored in a computer-readable medium 2880. The instructions 2878 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 2864 and/or within the processor 2862 during execution thereof by the computer system 2860, the main memory 2864 and the processor 2862 also constituting computer-readable medium. The instructions 2878 may further be transmitted or received over a network 2882 via the network interface device 2870.

While the computer-readable medium 2880 is shown in an exemplary embodiment to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the processing device and that cause the processing device to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the embodiments disclosed herein. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical medium, and magnetic medium.

Now that the MAMs and MAUs above have been described to take advantage of the capabilities of devices and applications in user equipment, such as mobile personal user equipment, to be effectively used for purposes other than personal mobile user equipment applications, techniques for using these disclosed MAMs and MAUs to implement a wide variety of network centric applications will be disclosed. By incorporating major portions of hardware and software of the mobile personal user equipment into a WDS, multiple non-mobile, non-personal applications can be achieved. Such hardware and software in the form of multiple-application modules or multiple-application units can be incorporated into the remote units and head-end equipment of the WDS, to help support multiple wireless interfaces, multiple sensors and multiple non-personal applications such as network performance monitoring, extreme case simulation and emulation, contextual information generation, redundant network topologies, etc. In addition, a subset of user equipment itself can be used for network centric applications.

Technologies are described for using the capabilities of devices and applications in user equipment and like equipment to establish a connection with a network for a specified application process utilizing a wireless service, a wired service, or both a wireless service and a wired service, to provide a service on the network. By incorporating the MAU and MAM applications discussed herein into a WDS, a variety of services can be implemented via the WDS that otherwise could not be done via the WDS. The MAU and MAM applications disclosed herein may be implemented at various locations in the WDS, including but not limited to head-end units, intermediate units, remote units, client devices, and user equipment.

The below sections elaborate on the MAU applications, MAM applications, applications on the UE to interface with the network of MAMs and MAUs, and applications on the UE that constitute some of the MAM/MAU applications and the functionality, as seen in FIG. 7 above. Any of the MAU/MAM/UE functions and applications (partially or completely) can be any other of the MAU/MAM/UE hardware and software as well in order to support and communicate with each other.

In one embodiment, hardware and software of a MAU can be used for various applications. FIG. 29 shows examples of the type of applications that can be implemented with a MAM located in a remote unit and associated MAUs that can communicate wirelessly with the MAM and remote unit. A system 2900, such as a WDS, has at least one remote antenna unit (RAU) 2910 with a MAM 2920 located within the RAU 2910. One or more MAUs 2930 are associated with RAU 2910 and can communicate wirelessly with the RAU 2910. The MAUs 2930 and the MAM 2920 may work together or individually to achieve various services via the system 2900. For example, the MAUs 2930 and/or the MAM 2920 may implement multi-carrier applications 2940, such as cellular UE metrics at the RAU 2910, commissioning and SON support, RAU control, and RAU-UE correlation. Likewise, the MAUs 2930 and/or the MAM 2920 may implement flexible networking applications 2950, such as access, monitoring, control, optimization, analysis, and automation of the remote units and/or the MAMs/MAUs, as well as distributed processing, multimedia, multi-node routing and consolidation, and swap/upgrade of network elements. The MAUs 2930 and/or the MAM 2920 may also implement Intranet applications 2960, such as building automation, secure networks, redundancy, analytics, and scheduling. The MAUs 2930 and/or the MAM 2920 may also implement UE interfacing applications 2970, such as personalized troubleshooting and information videos, streaming buffer, email, text, chat, and audio. The MAUs 2930 and/or the MAM 2920 may also implement third party applications 2980, such as location and context information, E-911 and public safety, broadband and WiFi, building automation, analytics, umbrella applications, and emergent knowledge applications. The MAUs 2930 and/or the MAM 2920 may also implement smart applications 2990, such as context (location, time, and event) generation, emergent knowledge applications, evolution via cloud, advertisements, advice, and analytics.

For example, the MAUs 2930 and/or the MAM 2920 described herein may be used to act as a badge reader for security applications. In one embodiment, a MAU 2930 may be located at the entry point of a building or area, such as in a device at a door. The MAU 2930 has an application to control the door (lock/unlock), and can authenticate/alert by approving/disapproving based on comparison of a registered MAC ID of the UE of the person seeking entry via Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi or NFC with that of an approved MAC ID in a data base. The authentication can also happen based on an entry code. In the case of a visitor, the MAU 2930 may allow entry of preauthorized code or may provide a button to talk to the front desk phone. The phone can be a desktop or cellular phone, on site or off-site. A picture of the visitor can be taken at the entry point itself to make a visitor badge ready. Intercom functionality and video sessions can also be enabled via the MAU 2930. In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may enable a video/audio chat with a visitor outside the door with a person working late night, who can help the visitor get in after authentication by the person on the inside.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide lock control. A badge reader application on the MAU 2930 can be configured to work with any smart lock vendor as long as the corresponding application is downloaded into the MAU 2930/MAM 2920. The MAU 2930 may also enable communications between the party seeking entry to the building and a party who is within the building. In this manner, the party to be visited can talk to the visiting user, such as by greeting the visiting user with personalized voice. In another embodiment, an intuitive response can be generated using context generated by the WDS and provided to the party to be visited, such as an alert/notify message, e.g., “Your guest is waiting at your desk”.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide public safety services. For example, when a fire alarm or emergency button is triggered, a public safety flash alert may be generated to all MAUs in the system. In this manner, no one MAU is triggered, but instead all MAU's can start flashing. A color code or message may be displayed on the display of the MAU 2930. In this manner, there is no need of multiple alarm devices. Further, emergency response personnel can immediately know the location of the emergency. A button on the display of the MAU 2930 can direct the call to the emergency response person in the vicinity. In addition, an audio/video session can be enabled immediately by the MAU 2930 and recorded for logging purposes. The fire alarm or other alarms' audio alerts can be transmitted using the audio speaker of the MAU 2930. In addition, the public announcements can be relayed. The audio function of the MAU 2930 can be used to converse with any users in the vicinity to provide personalized information.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide emergency light services. For example, emergency lights can be lit, in case of a power outage, using the battery of the MAU 2930, especially if the MAU 2930 determines that light in the location of the MAU 2930 is dim, or if it is already night outside.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may act as a smart switch to turn on and off associated devices. Soft switch interactive images, along with the visual location of the devices that the MAU 2930 turns on and off, can be displayed on the MAU 2930. A user can be notified after a sensor in the coverage area of the MAU 2930 detects change in the light, notifying the lights are on or off. In another embodiment, audio and/or other sensors may be used to notify the switch that actually enabled the device.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may act as a smart thermostat module. The MAU 2930 may include a user intuitive module, and may have an auto-manual mode. The MAU 2930 may control the temperature based on suggestions and/or contextual information received by the MAU 2930. A single MAU 2930 can control multiple units. In one embodiment, the MAU 2930 can be connected to an Internet website, such as weather.com, and can control temperature based on information received from the website. In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may be connected to indoor and/or outdoor temperature sensors. The MAU 2930 may control a thermostat to regulate temperature based on one or more of input from another device, contextual information received by the MAU 2930, or data received from a temperature sensor associated with the at least one MAU.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may carry some or all of the video and audio for live streaming applications, such as YinzCam. These live streaming applications sometimes suffer with link congestion. Having some of the video/audio content on the MAM 2920 and/or the MAU 2930 will improve the user experience.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide cellular UE testing. For example, the MAU 2930 can provide UE test data along with its location and context to help improve overall coverage and capacity of a cellular network associated with the WDS. In addition, the MAU 2930 may provide Wi-Fi UE testing. For example, the MAU 2930 can provide UE test data along with its location and context to help improve overall coverage and capacity of a Wi-Fi network associated with the WDS.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide face recognition functionality. A face recognition application on the MAU 2930 can provide secure access to a network associated with the MAU 2930. In addition, a camera on the MAU 2930 and/or the MAM 2920, or external security cameras connected to the MAU 2930/MAM 2920 via Wi-Fi/Bluetooth®, can provide security solutions that work along with the context generated commands of the WDS.

In one embodiment, the MAU 2930 and/or MAM 2920 may have a tamper-proofing or theft prevention functionality built into it. In one embodiment, the MAU 2930 and/or MAM 2920 may comprise an accelerometer, gyroscope, and/or GPS and other location sensors on board the MAU 2930/MAM 2920. In this embodiment, when an MAU 2930 or MAM 2920 is moved from its location, the WDS is alerted and the customer is alerted to provide authentication information, such as an access code or a fingerprint scan. In the absence of such code, alerts are generated based on the accelerometer, gyroscope, and/or GPS and other sensors on board the MAU 2930/MAM 2920. In one embodiment, the device can be erased or made non-functional using remote secure facilities and sensors on the device.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide location based services on Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, or NFC. Each MAU 2930 can either self-locate, or use derived location from the system, or manual entry of location, and can transmit its location indicia, including floor level information so that UE's can locate themselves as well. Transmitting floor level along with real-time pressure sensor level also help UE's locate themselves on the floor level as well.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may act as a game node, which can also support gaming that may involve moving around the building.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may act as an auto-schedule display. The MAU 2930 can be positioned outside the meeting room and can display the scheduled meeting slots automatically.

The MAU 2930 may also serve a mirroring function, where a MAU 2930 having a wireless touch-screen display connected to a remote MAM can display what is being displayed on the remote MAM, thereby reducing the costs in certain situations. Similarly, other peripheral devices that usually connect to the smart UEs can connect to a MAU 2930 to bring the costs of the application down. Likewise, the MAU 2930 can act as a mirror for the users using the camera or otherwise to display what is being captured by the camera. The MAU 2930 can display advertisements and audio visuals to create branding and ambience conducive to a good business environment.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide secure custom display. Upon authenticating a user in the vicinity of the MAU 2930, a personalized GUI with custom access to the applications is provided to the user.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide additional chat, video, and messaging functionality. For example, a user can add MAM 2920 and/or MAU 2930 as buddies to their chat/SMS/MMS/text applications on the UE and converse with the network to get personalized user experience.

In another embodiment, the MAU 2930 may provide E-911 caller dispatchable information. In this manner, an address for the caller is automatically uploaded to the E-911 system by the MAU 2930. In another embodiment, a dial pad button for E-911 is provided on the MAU 2930.

The MAU 2930 may be used as user equipment. In special cases, the image on the MAU 2930 can be quickly changed to that of the UE for personal mobile applications.

Further, part of the UE may be used as a partial MAM/MAU. Part of the MAM/MAU functionality can be imparted on to mobile UE via network centric applications in order to leverage the mobile personal nature of the UEs.

One advantage of using MAUs and MAMs as described herein is the ease of installation. MAMs 2920 and MAUs 2930 mostly depend on multiple optional wireless connections between the MAUs and MAMs at the remote units, therefore avoiding costly, complex and time-consuming installation costs.

Another advantage of using MAUs and MAMs as disclosed herein is energy savings. There will be more energy savings as each MAM/MAU can use its client centric features to minimize the radiating energy for good communication and thereby reducing overall electric costs. In this manner, the MAUs and MAMs are radiation friendly; wireless transmissions can be minimized using UE/client centric features/interfaces on the MAU/MAMs. Accordingly, a number of transmitting radios can be turned off when they are not in use and using context information of the WDS.

In another embodiment, hardware and software of a MAM as described herein can be used for various applications. FIG. 30 shows examples of the type of applications that can be implemented with a MAM. In one embodiment, the MAM may be located in a head-end unit of a WDS. For example, as seen in FIG. 30, a WDS 3000 may include a head-end unit 3010 having a MAM 3020. The MAM 3020 may be used to implement various services via the WDS 3000. For example, the MAM 3020 may implement cellular modem applications 3030, such as always-on access to the cloud and the WDS 3000, as well as multi-carrier cellular and wireless applications. The MAM 3020 may also implement central system applications 3040, such as server, privacy, license engine, security, remote login, streaming, and upgrade downloads. In another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement smart applications 3050, such as umbrella applications, emergent knowledge applications, system analytics, and security. The MAM 3020 may also implement optimization applications 3060, such as UE metrics at the head-end unit 3010, troubleshooting based on contextual information received by the MAM 3020, and communication with customers over multiple media. Further, the MAM 3020 may implement Intranet applications 3070, such as commission/troubleshooting tips, videos, feedback, talking points, and discussion forums.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide Cellular/Wireless UE metrics at the remote unit. For all the wireless services that wireless service providers provide, the MAM 3020 can give UE experience directly from the transmitter location itself.

In another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide commissioning and self-organizing (optimizing) network (SON) support. Such metrics can also be used for head-end unit to remote unit service signal commissioning and optimization including self-optimization network application support.

The MAM 3020 may provide RAU control. For example, with wired/wireless direct or indirect communication media connection, the MAM 3020 can control the configuration/operation parameters of the RAU and vice versa. In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide RAU-UE correlation. Using manual and semi-automatic and automatic location acquisition using the GNSS sensor of the MAM/MAU, all the components of the WDS can be provided with location indicia and such location indicia can be transmitted wirelessly on different wireless media within the coverage area as reference beacons. Such reference beacons can in turn be used to locate the UEs using trilateration/triangulation/finger printing or other methods. With the known location of the MAMs/MAUs/WDS and the users, the location of the users, RAU/MAM/MAU can be correlated.

In another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide cellular modem functionality. Wireless service providers can provide cellular broadband data services as an alternate way to connect to the Internet for 24×7 access to the cloud.

In another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide multi-carrier broadband service applications. For example, wireless service providers can also provide Wi-Fi hotspot services at the MAMs and MAUs for the end-user use.

In still another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement flexible networking applications. For example, the MAM 3020 may access, monitor, control, optimize, analyze, and automate remote units/MAMs/MAUs. By using client/server master/slave features of the MAM/MAU at the head-end unit and the remote unit, multiple technology signals can be accessed, measured for monitoring and optimized for minimizing the radiation, calibration and dynamic routing and ultimately automation of the processes towards system's operation automation.

The MAM 3020 may also provide distributed processing/multi-media services. For example, in case one of the MAMs/MAUs is busy or for other reasons, the processing of the data can be distributed to multiple other MAMs/MAUs, or to the cloud to optimize the processing at a given time.

In another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide multi-node routing & consolidation. For example, applications that schedule may route signals to different MAMs/MAUs based on the supported applications.

In another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide swap/upgrade functionality. For example, in case some of the MAUs need to be upgraded or swapped or disabled for a period of time, the associated MAM may have to have applications that remember the configuration, settings, image of the MAU to be replaced/power cycled or otherwise, and support the replacement MAU, such as authentication, reconfiguration etc. The applications may also need to enable secure download of the latest software/firmware of the applications.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement Intranet applications. For example, some of the essential tasks between a user and the WDS should not go through the Internet in order to ensure reliability in case the Internet is down or slow and for security reasons. Such functions may need to be coordinated internally, within an Intranet associated with a WDS, for effective implementation/operation of the applications. As one example, the MAM 3020 may provide building automation services. For example, applications such as turning a light on by touching a “soft switch” button on a MAU may need to be coordinated between the MAU and the smart light directly by the MAM 3020. Therefore, applications that perform such functions shall be separately managed by the MAM 3020 to avoid access to hackers, and to provide additional security.

In another example of Intranet applications, the MAM 3020 may help provide a secure network. Managing MAMs and MAUs with independent communication access may not be efficient with respect to security. Having an hierarchical architecture with MAMs at the centralized location controlling the information flow securely to and from the MAMs at the remotes and MAUs via MAMs can be efficient way of providing security. Therefore, applications need to be run on all these nodes to coordinate security activities.

The MAM 3020 may also provide redundancy. The communication among MAMs and MAUs can be different depending on the optimized access available in the building or over time when the original communication media is not available for some reason. Applications running on devices within the coverage area of the WDS will decide the best optimized communication channel available at that time based on the prioritization policy and the available network media.

The MAM 3020 may also provide analytics. For example, applications running on the MAMs and MAUs collect the information about the applications running on MAMs/MAUs/and similar on the UEs and the usage of the application over time. This information may need to be consolidated. Such information can be very valuable to the customers and others.

Another example of Intranet applications that can be handled by the MAM 3020 is scheduling. Scheduler applications are needed on the MAUs and MAMs to decide when to run different applications given the time, the workload on the device and the time needed for the completion of the application.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement UE interfacing applications. For example, there may be applications that can give personalized experience to the user. Starting with the graphical interface, the user can customize or request customization of features, feedback, the method of interaction, and alerts/thresholds. A customized interface and experience is enabled based on the identification and authentication of the user ID. As one example, commissioning/troubleshooting/informational videos that are bookmarked in an earlier session by a user can be displayed as the default GUI during the next session.

As another example of UE interfacing applications, the MAM 3020 may support email/text/chat/audio/video. For example, personal applications can be used ‘as is’ or modified on the MAMs/MAUs so that the user feels as if he/she is emailing/texting/chatting with another buddy.

In another embodiment, the MAM 3020 may provide streaming buffer functionality. For example, some applications such as instant replay and audio/video streaming may benefit with storing on the MAMs and MAUs instead of a server on the cloud to reduce the delay and improve the streaming quality.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement third party applications. Many of the third party applications in the areas of “location/context,” “E-911/public safety,” “broadband/Wi-Fi,” “Wi-Fi offload,” “building automation and security,” “analytics,” “gaming,” and “umbrella applications,” that in turn supports multi-vendor applications and “emergent knowledge” can be individually conceived by the developer ecosystem using the open source software platform can be supported by MAMs and MAUs. Such applications will evolve over time by the analytics and improvements provided by the next version of the applications.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement smart applications. In one embodiment, this may be accomplished via the WDS 2210 in FIG. 22. For example, the MAM 3020 may provide context (location, time, related events) generation, as seen in FIG. 31. FIG. 31 shows a context conceptual equation that might be used in content generation. User required contextual information can be generated by the MAM 3020 collecting related information/data from multiple different applications and correlating the data to create context to different events of different application. In addition to the correlated information, the location and the time will add very important information to the context.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement emergent knowledge applications. FIG. 32 shows an emergent knowledge cycle that acts to improve the “smartness” of the system having MAMs and MAUs over time. A system 3200 may include a plurality of WDS 3210(1), 3210(2), and 3210(3) communicatively coupled to the World Wide Web (WWW) 3220 and user forums 3230 associated with the WWW 3230. The WDS 3210(3) may comprise a plurality of MAMs 3240(1), 3240(2), and 3240(3). The WDS 3210(3) may also comprise one or more UE devices 3250. The WDS 3210(3) may also comprise one or more MAUs 3260. The MAU 3260 may have multiple applications running thereon. Though FIG. 32 shows a specific number of MAMs, UE devices, and MAUs, any number may be included in the WDS. In addition, the WDSs 3210(1) and 3210(2) may also include any number of MAMs, UE devices, and MAUs.

In use, emergent knowledge applications may get a direct request for certain analytics from the server in WDS 3210(3) or as feedback from the user of WDS 3210(3), or otherwise or indirectly via the upgraded versions of the emergent knowledge applications. The emergent knowledge applications contain what to collect from which application and along with the context derive the required analytics. Such emergent knowledge shall in turn improve many of the existing applications towards more personalized/optimized/creative experience to the users or their devices. This cycle continuously helps evolve the system over time. Emergent knowledge can be used to advise the user via advertisements or other means, or provide analytics to the customer for further analysis and correlation with their own data.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement central system applications. For example, a MAM 3020 at the head-end unit can host server applications for Intranet applications. A MAM 3020 at the head-end unit can also monitor, control, manage, optimize, and/or automate network applications, privacy policy implementation applications, license engine applications, security applications, remote login support, audio/video streaming sessions, and version upgrade download support.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement head-end applications. For example, a server at the head-end unit can store commissioning/troubleshooting tips in the form of tests or step-by-step audio/video, and also can provide feedback on the user following such steps/tip during the implementation of such steps. Points can be allocated on the performance metrics of the user and incentives can be provided as well. An on-site access to the online forum for further collaboration of the users/integrators is also possible. Access to the server or the online forum can be provided using the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality.

In one embodiment, the MAM 3020 may implement optimization applications. For example, UE metrics at the head-end unit and the remote end (MAM/MAU/UE) can be correlated to provide commissioning over live signal and real-time optimization (automation). The MAM 3020 can provide troubleshooting based on context, which will be more efficient. Proactive troubleshooting is also possible by having a centralized Network Operation Center (NOC) that monitors all the applications, their software versions, and other relevant information from all the WDSs. When a particular issue is reported at one deployment then the performance engineer can look into the NOC to find out similar WDSs that may have an impending issue and troubleshoot ahead of the time using remote software upgrade or communicate with the stakeholders via different communication formats and other means.

In another embodiment, using the MAMs and MAUs disclosed herein can enable multiple technology wireless radios, multiple sensors and open software platform for cloud sourcing multiple applications to create all things wireless for indoor and wireless communication environments. Today most of the enterprise/indoor/building infrastructure and communication systems are strictly controlled with limited user interface. Independent overlays of such systems do not interact with each other and therefore user-centric emergent knowledge and use of such knowledge has been non-existent or cumbersome to achieve. This caused limited personalized user experience in an office or work environment. By integrating MAMs into the remote units and head-end equipment of the WDS and extending such network with multiple application units (MAUs), a flexible, smart node network can be created. The MAMs and MAUs leverage existing technologies and economies of scale and scope to quickly get to the market. Using MAMs and MAUs as described herein can simultaneously enable/host multi-vendor location based service systems, intelligent building automation support and many other commercial applications besides help monitor/control/optimize/automate a WDS.

A multiple application module (MAM) is defined as wireless telecommunication circuitry made primarily of power and process optimized mobile user equipment with multiple sensors and with multiple application open software platform architecture. Referring now to FIG. 33, a system 3300 may include a centralized end of a WDS 3310 communicatively coupled to one or more MAMs 3320 in one or more remote units of the WDS. The coupling of the centralized end of a WDS 3310 to one or more MAMs 3320 in one or more remote units of the WDS 3310 can be wired or wireless. The MAM(s) 3320 are incorporated at the remote units and/or head-end unit of the WDS. One or more MAUs 3330 are also provided and have similar hardware and software architecture as the MAM(s) 3320, but are used primarily to extend the coverage/granularity of the wireless signals beyond the remote units and head-end equipment. In one embodiment, the centralized end of a WDS 3310 may be communicatively coupled to one or more MAMs 3320 in one or more remote units via optical fiber 3340. A system of MAUs and MAMs as seen in FIG. 33 can enable many beneficial features, as discussed below.

For example, the system of MAMs and MAUs as seen in FIG. 33 is a connected and coordinated system. A system of MAMs and MAUs connected wired or wirelessly can coordinate with each other via physical or wireless media using one or more than one wireless/wired technology protocols available to the module/units. Such coordination happens based on media access availability and prioritization. The communication can happen directly between two modules or indirectly via multiple media and modules/units.

In another embodiment, the system of MAMs and MAUs as seen in FIG. 33 can provide capacity steering in order to implement a self-organizing (optimizing) network (SON). The MAMs 3320 and/or MAUs 3330 can use correlation between location indicia and/or context of the servicing module/units and that of the clients/user equipment in the coverage area to drive the capacity of the service resources to a desired coverage area or user equipment in the coverage area. As one non-limiting example, the density of the modules/units can be easily varied as per the needs of the application by leveraging different coverage radii of the radios in the modules/units to create flexible front-haul/backhaul communications links and service area. In one embodiment, the system will work for any spatial density between one (1) foot and one hundred (100) feet.

The system of MAMs and MAUs as seen in FIG. 33 works when there may or may not be a dedicated link to a central controller. If there is not a dedicated link, the module/units can communicate directly to a server or a device on the cloud as per the access availability and prioritization policy of the module/unit. The system of MAMs and MAUs as seen in FIG. 33 also provides redundancy to deal with failures. Communication redundancy is achieved by using different communication media—such as wired/wireless different technologies and different bands. Similarly processing redundancy is achieved by delegation of work among the modules/units as per the system's prioritization and execution policy.

The system of MAMs and MAUs as seen in FIG. 33 is also scalable to capacity demand (virtual). The scalability of the system is achieved by enabling one of the many radios capable of establishing front-haul and backhaul communication with the cloud directly or via other modules and enabling service area of different radii. The scalability is also achieved by network architecture that uses module/unit resources as a group and manages processing by media access availability and resource access and availability

In case of a direct communication between two modules/units the communication shall be achieved by multiple-hops.

The system of MAMs and MAUs as seen in FIG. 33 can use mesh topology in one embodiment to achieve efficient communications or to extend the coverage of the system. In another embodiment, the communication between two or multiple modules can be via fiber, Ethernet cable and/or wireless technologies.

The MAMs and MAUs seen in FIG. 33 may be assembled in a flexible way to quickly incorporate latest smart phone circuitry mass produced for personal use so that the latest frequencies are supported.

In one embodiment, multiple frequency radiation patterns and UE features of the MAMs and MAUs in FIG. 33 are used to sense the ambient radiating sources and mitigate interference.

In one embodiment, inherent GNSS capabilities and applications of the MAMs and MAUs of FIG. 33 are used to generate context including location indicia indoors. Such context can be used to generate network intelligence indoors. Using the user facing applications on the modules/units the network can be made to communicate with the user indoors and optimize personal experience.

In one embodiment, the user centric capabilities of the MAMs and MAUs, as well as the UEs, are leveraged to minimize the electromagnetic radiation of the system.

In one embodiment, the MAMs and MAUs seen in FIG. 33 can provide intelligence via crowdsourcing and connection to the cloud, similar to what was discussed above and with respect to FIG. 12. By sensing relevant multiple inputs and outputs from the system, users, environment and internet, the system continuously generates context, emergent knowledge and evolves over time with (a) constant upgradation of individual applications/process algorithms, (b) connections to the similar devices/systems on the cloud, and (c) improvements obtained using the context and emergent knowledge of the system and forums and communities of users and people of interest on the cloud.

In one embodiment, the MAMs and MAUs seen in FIG. 33 can provide real time personalized communication between a user and a network. For example, a user can use user centric applications on his/her UE to communicate with similar applications on the MAMs and MAUs of the network to get personalized user interface. The network of MAMs/MAUs shall consolidate multiple user requests, and can use context and other emergent knowledge provided by different applications on the system to provide customized user experience.

In use, the multiple application devices including the MAMs and MAUs disclosed herein may be implemented into, or integrated with components of the WDS to enable a variety of applications and services for personal applications. Any of the embodiments disclosed herein using MAMs and/or MAUs can be used, including but not limited to, the embodiments in FIGS. 2A, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 19, 22, 23, 24A, 24B, 25, 26, 29, 30, 32, and 33.

FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a MAU to provide a requested service. FIG. 34 shows an exemplary process 3400 according to the present disclosure. In this process 3400, which starts at block 3401, at least one of the downlink signal and the uplink signal transmitted by a provider in a WDS is received at a MAU (block 3410). The MAU then determines that a request for a service has been received from another device in at least one of the downlink and uplink signals (block 3420). The another device may be another MAU, a MAM, or other user equipment in the WDS. The MAU executes an application layer application corresponding to the requested service using a multiple application processor in the MAU (block 3430). The MAU communicates application level information sufficient to perform the requested service (block 3440). The process ends at block 3450.

FIG. 35 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested multi-carrier cellular service. FIG. 35 shows an exemplary process 3500 according to the present disclosure. In this process 3500, which starts at block 3501, at least one of the downlink signal and the uplink signal transmitted by a provider in a WDS is received at a multiple application device (block 3510). The multiple application device then determines that a request for a multi-carrier cellular service has been received from another device in at least one of the downlink and uplink signals (block 3520). The another device may be another MAU, a MAM, or other user equipment in the WDS. The multiple application device executes an application layer application corresponding to the requested multi-carrier cellular service using a multiple application processor in the multiple application device (block 3530). The multiple application device communicates application level information sufficient to perform the requested multi-carrier cellular service (block 3540). The process ends at block 3550.

FIG. 36 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested networking application service. FIG. 36 shows an exemplary process 3600 according to the present disclosure. In this process 3600, which starts at block 3601, at least one of the downlink signal and the uplink signal transmitted by a provider in a WDS is received at a multiple application device (block 3610). The multiple application device then determines that a request for a networking application service has been received from another device in at least one of the downlink and uplink signals (block 3620). The another device may be another MAU, a MAM, or other user equipment in the WDS. The multiple application device executes an application layer application corresponding to the requested networking application service using a multiple application processor in the multiple application device (block 3630). The multiple application device communicates application level information sufficient to perform the requested network application service (block 3640). The process ends at block 3650.

FIG. 37 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested Intranet application service. FIG. 37 shows an exemplary process 3700 according to the present disclosure. In this process 3700, which starts at block 3701, at least one of the downlink signal and the uplink signal transmitted by a provider in a WDS is received at a multiple application device (block 3710). The multiple application device then determines that a request for an Intranet application service has been received from another device in at least one of the downlink and uplink signals (block 3720). The another device may be another MAU, a MAM, or other user equipment in the WDS. The multiple application device executes an application layer application corresponding to the requested Intranet application service using a multiple application processor in the multiple application device (block 3730). The multiple application device communicates application level information sufficient to perform the requested Intranet application service (block 3740). The process ends at block 3750.

FIG. 38 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of how a WDS can use a multiple application device to provide a requested smart application service. FIG. 38 shows an exemplary process 3800 according to the present disclosure. In this process 3800, which starts at block 3801, at least one of the downlink signal and the uplink signal transmitted by a provider in a WDS is received at a multiple application device (block 3810). The multiple application device then determines that a request for a smart application service has been received from another device in at least one of the downlink and uplink signals (block 3820). The another device may be another MAU, a MAM, or other user equipment in the WDS. The multiple application device executes an application layer application corresponding to the requested smart application service using a multiple application processor in the multiple application device (block 3830). The multiple application device communicates application level information sufficient to perform the requested smart application service (block 3840). The process ends at block 3850.

For all the uses described herein, a MAM can be used as a MAU. In addition, a MAM can be implemented as a part of UE.

Using MAMs and MAUs as described herein provide many advantages. One advantage is that all applications on the same MAU are collaborating with each other in generating context and in using context to create emergent knowledge. Such knowledge can be further expanded by collaborating with the applications of the MAMs, UEs, and the relevant on the Internet. In addition, there is no need to change the MAU when you change your smart end-device. The MAM/MAU does more with a visual display, feedback, visibility, and context. The MAM/MAU provides a personalized GUI and user level based access.

The MAM and MAU of this disclosure provide many advantages. Power management using UE or like architecture may (i) minimize electric/battery power consumption, (ii) allow for power usage monitoring and mitigation using distributed process execution, (iii) allow for process optimization on observed power-process relation, (iv) allow utilization of charged battery for emergency applications such as 911/fire response systems. Heat may be managed such as by heat dissipation management by correlation of temperature sensors, for example, of the MAM and MAU to processes running on the MAM and MAU thereby using UE or like architecture HW for industrial application. Simplified mechanics and interfaces such as by flexible mounting and heat dissipation capabilities of the MAM and MAU allow future versions of the UE or like architecture HW to be readily supported. For example, future versions of the user equipment or like equipment multi-radio/application/interface/sensor circuitry with different form factors, communication and antenna interfaces may be readily supported and incorporated in to the same mechanical chassis of the MAM or MAU. External ports on the MAM or MAU may be design standard while internal interfaces to the user equipment or like equipment may be kept flexible to support WDS specific third party application vendor ecosystem development.

Antenna radiation UE or like architecture may be optimized on the mounting. A MAM in an RAU may share the workload of the RAU. The MAM may also provide additional memory if required by the RAU. The MAM on a gigabit Ethernet module (GEM) may utilize PoE+ of one of the GEM ports. The MAM may utilize the available bandwidth of one of the GEM ports.

Using the operating system and the software development kit of a UE or like architecture (i) may allow personal app developers to more easily develop WDS applications using known methods, (ii) may allow the large pool of application developers to be leveraged to develop WDS applications using known methods (iii) may allow for centralized application software to be automatically generated or developed to adopt to the applications in the MAMs, (iv) may allow head-end or centralized server side to be automatically updated to the applications in the MAMs and MAUs; and (v) allows leverage of existing applications. UE or like architecture may be easily scalable. For example, the network may be extended by deploying MAMs or MAUs beyond the RAU in the coverage area and wirelessly networking back to the MAM in the RAU. MAMs and MAUs can be configured as a client or master and clients and may automatically detect MAMs in the vicinity using different optional media and configure/change configuration accordingly The MAMs and MAUs may allow automated correlation with the information on the network and related indoor parameters. Decision making based on the correlations may enable proactive actions rather than reactive actions. MAMs and MAUs may provide a Wi-Fi hotspot. The Wi-Fi hotspot may be used to create machine-to-machine network communications between MAMs and MAUs wired to the WDS and those MAMs and MAUs that are wirelessly connected to extend the WDS network. The Wi-Fi hotspot may enable a wired backhaul with better backhaul bandwidth capabilities. Networking capabilities beyond the typical cellular backhaul Wi-Fi hotspot may be achieved. Applications running on the MAM and MAU may change to different SSIDs to communicate with different clients and networks. An MAM and MAU may switch from hotspot configuration to client and vice versa to enable different communications, as well as simultaneous communications. The cellular backhaul of the MAM for Wi-Fi hotspot may be changed using applications running on the MAM.

Wi-Fi offload may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) enabling a MAM of MAU to connect to IP network via GEM and CEU; (ii) continuously monitoring QoS of the link to IP network, Wi-Fi connection between the MAM in the RAU and the extensions by test calls; and (iii) communicating call metrics with a Wi-Fi offload server

GPS enabled location context may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) using a GPS sensor of the UE or like architecture may self-locate better when stationary; providing accuracy value and confidence value; (ii) use of an application to insert the GPS coordinates in case of weaker GPS signal; (iii) correlation of WDS events with the GPS coordinates of the WDS components; (iv) correlation of WDS events with the GPS coordinates of the WDS components and with UE or like architecture of the MAM or MAU; (v) seamless switching between indoor and outdoor GPS navigation system made possible with UE or like architecture of the MAM or MAU; and (vi) real-time regional monitoring of the WDS from a remote centralized operation center

Location based services may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) automatic SSID coding of the UE or like architecture with GPS location; (ii) using the multiple wireless interfaces of the UE or like architecture to host multiple location based service applications; (iii) collecting UE or like architecture location information from different location based services applications running on the UE or like architecture without infringing privacy (#,x,y,z,t); and (iv) using the collected the UE or like architecture information for system centered location based system applications.

Auto-dynamic capacity steering may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) utilizing UE or like architecture equipment location information to inform UE or like architecture density against cells to ONE; and (ii) ONE configuring additional services to the cells with significantly large user density.

Flexible multiple backhaul options may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) by using the micro-USB or similar wired interface port of the UE or like architecture, the MAM and MAU can enable Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, and cellular service and including USE-to-Ethernet; and (ii) these different interfaces may act as optional, simultaneous backhaul options.

Digital commissioning may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) by incorporating MAMs both at the head-end and RAU the input and output power levels of the cellular service in order to correlate power levels accurately; and (ii) simultaneous commissioning by MAMs in the HEU and RAU with live signal

Digital Spectrum monitoring and optimization may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) running an application on the UE or like architecture that keeps the device in scanning mode to collect available bands and the quality parameters of the available services; and (ii) the collected information such as CPICH and similar information may be used for SON applications and MACRO seepage info and adjustment.

Carrier control may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) being stationary and having a GPS location, the MAM and MAU enables carrier correlation UE performance to WDS RAU and to adjust the WDS performance via commands sent to MAM using industry-standard communication protocols and industry-standard communication interfaces; and (ii) by enabling access to different communication media supported by MAM or MAU, a carrier can utilize built-in redundancy to control the DAS.

Public safety may be possible using the MAM and MAU of this disclosure such as by (i) locating the whereabouts of emergency equipment near; (ii) by consolidation of multiple calls on the same event; and (iii) by public safety policy implementations possible using the applications on the MAM and MAU.

The embodiments disclosed herein are also applicable to other remote antenna clusters and distributed antenna systems, including those that include other forms of communications media for distribution of communications signals, including electrical conductors and wireless transmission. The embodiments disclosed herein may also be applicable to remote antenna clusters and distributed antenna systems and may also include more than one communications media for distribution of communications signals (e.g., digital data services and RF communications services).

In general, this disclosure concerns using existing mobile user equipment capabilities for stationary non-user (mobile) equipment applications. For example, many multiple location based services support multiple wireless interfaces and or multiple network densities, such as digital system commissioning and configuration, multiple use case scenario simulation, Wi-Fi-offload support, rapid troubleshooting by contextual data utilization, enhanced public safety, security, multiple building automation support, and SON support. In addition, a multiple application module enabled wireless distribution system can be used for Analytics. Such a system will enable the end user to switch from one application vendor to another without incurring significant switching costs.

The embodiments disclosed herein include various steps. The steps of the embodiments disclosed herein may be formed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, the steps may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.

The embodiments disclosed herein may be provided as a computer program product, or software, that may include a machine-readable medium (or computer-readable medium) having stored thereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (or other electronic devices) to perform a process according to the embodiments disclosed herein. A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes: a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., ROM, random access memory (“RAM”), a magnetic disk storage medium, an optical storage medium, flash memory devices, etc.), and the like.

Unless specifically stated otherwise and as apparent from the previous discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data and memories represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices.

The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatuses to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description above. In addition, the embodiments described herein are not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the embodiments as described herein.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not actually recite an order to be followed by its steps or it is not otherwise specifically stated in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is no way intended that any particular order be inferred.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Since modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless distribution system (WDS), comprising: a central unit configured to: receive a downlink communications signal from a communications system; distribute the downlink communications signal over at least one downlink communications medium to a plurality of remote units; receive an uplink communications signal from the plurality of remote units over at least one uplink communications medium; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the communications system; each remote unit among the plurality of remote units configured to: receive the downlink communications signal from the central unit over the at least one downlink communications medium; distribute the downlink communications signal to a client device; receive the uplink communications signal from the client device; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the central unit over the at least one uplink communications medium; at least one multiple application device associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units, the at least one multiple application device comprising at least one multiple applications processor and configured to: receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal; determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for a networking application service from another device; execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested networking application service; and communicate application level information sufficient to execute the requested networking application service.
 2. The wireless distribution system of claim 1, wherein the at least one multiple application device is a multiple application module (MAM) located in a head-end unit.
 3. The wireless distribution system of claim 1, wherein the at least one multiple application device is a multiple application module (MAM) located in one of the plurality of remote units.
 4. The wireless distribution system of claim 1, wherein the at least one multiple application device is a multiple application unit (MAU), the MAU further configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device.
 5. The wireless distribution system of claim 1, wherein the requested networking application service comprises accessing, monitoring, and/or optimizing technology signals for automating operation of devices within the WDS.
 6. The wireless distribution system of claim 1, wherein the requested networking application service comprises distributing processing of data to other multiple application devices in the WDS.
 7. The wireless distribution system of claim 1, wherein the requested networking application service comprises executing at least one application that schedules and routes signals to other devices in the WDS.
 8. The wireless distribution system of claim 1, wherein the requested networking application service comprises supporting a swap and/or upgrade of a multiple application device, wherein the requested networking application service comprises: storing and recalling one or more of configuration, settings, and image of the multiple application device to be swapped or upgraded; supporting a replacement multiple application device; and/or enabling secure download of software and/or firmware to the multiple application device.
 9. A wireless distribution system (WDS), comprising: a central unit configured to: receive a downlink communications signal from a communications system; distribute the downlink communications signal over at least one downlink communications medium to a plurality of remote units; receive an uplink communications signal from the plurality of remote units over at least one uplink communications medium; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the communications system; each remote unit among the plurality of remote units configured to: receive the downlink communications signal from the central unit over the at least one downlink communications medium; distribute the downlink communications signal to a client device; receive the uplink communications signal from the client device; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the central unit over the at least one uplink communications medium; at least one multiple application device associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units, the at least one multiple application device comprising at least one multiple applications processor and configured to: receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal; determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for an Intranet application service from another device; execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested Intranet application service; and communicate application level information sufficient to execute the requested Intranet application service.
 10. The wireless distribution system of claim 9, wherein the at least one multiple application device is a multiple application module (MAM) located in a head-end unit.
 11. The wireless distribution system of claim 9, wherein the at least one multiple application device is a multiple application module (MAM) located in one of the plurality of remote units.
 12. The wireless distribution system of claim 9, wherein the at least one multiple application device comprises at least one multiple application module (MAM) located in a head-end unit, a plurality of multiple application modules (MAMs) located in one or more of the plurality of remote units, and a plurality of multiple application units (MAUs), the plurality of MAUs each being further configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device; and wherein the requested Intranet application service comprises controlling, via the at least one MAM located in the head-unit unit, information flow between each of the plurality of MAMs and each of the plurality of MAUs.
 13. The wireless distribution system of claim 9, wherein the at least one multiple application device comprises at least one multiple application module (MAM) located in a head-end unit, a plurality of multiple application modules (MAMs) located in one or more of the plurality of remote units, and a plurality of multiple application units (MAUs), the plurality of MAUs each being further configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device; and wherein the requested Intranet application service comprises optimizing a communication channel for communication between one or more of at least one MAM located in the head-unit unit, the plurality of MAMs, and the plurality of MAUs.
 14. The wireless distribution system of claim 9, wherein the at least one multiple application device comprises at least one multiple application module (MAM) located in a head-end unit, a plurality of multiple application modules (MAMs) located in one or more of the plurality of remote units, and a plurality of multiple application units (MAUs), the plurality of MAUs each being further configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device; and wherein the requested Intranet application service comprises collecting information about applications running on one or more of at least one MAM located in the head-unit unit, the plurality of MAMs, and the plurality of MAUs.
 15. The wireless distribution system of claim 9, wherein the at least one multiple application device comprises at least one multiple application module (MAM) located in a head-end unit, a plurality of multiple application modules (MAMs) located in one or more of the plurality of remote units, and a plurality of multiple application units (MAUs), the plurality of MAUs each being further configured to wirelessly communicate the application level information to a wireless client device; and wherein the requested Intranet application service comprises scheduling different applications to be run on one or more of at least one MAM located in the head-unit unit, the plurality of MAMs, and the plurality of MAUs.
 16. The wireless distribution system of claim 9, wherein the requested Intranet application service comprises executing a third party application developed by a party external to the WDS.
 17. A wireless distribution system (WDS), comprising: a central unit configured to: receive a downlink communications signal from a communications system; distribute the downlink communications signal over at least one downlink communications medium to a plurality of remote units; receive an uplink communications signal from the plurality of remote units over at least one uplink communications medium; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the communications system; each remote unit among the plurality of remote units configured to: receive the downlink communications signal from the central unit over the at least one downlink communications medium; distribute the downlink communications signal to a client device; receive the uplink communications signal from the client device; and distribute the uplink communications signal to the central unit over the at least one uplink communications medium; at least one multiple application device associated with at least one of the central unit and at least one of the remote units among the plurality of remote units, the at least one multiple application device comprising at least one multiple applications processor and configured to: receive at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal; determine that a request has been received in the at least one of the downlink communications signal and the uplink communications signal for a smart application from another device, wherein the smart application generates contextual information by collecting information from multiple different applications running on devices within the WDS and correlates the collected information to create contextual information relating to a time and location of the collected information; execute, via the at least one multiple application processor, an application layer application corresponding to the requested smart application; and communicate application level information sufficient to execute the requested smart application.
 18. The wireless distribution system of claim 17, wherein the smart application further comprises an emergent knowledge application that collects analytic information over time on the multiple different applications running on devices within the WDS and uses the analytic information to provide optimized experience to users or devices within the WDS.
 19. The wireless distribution system of claim 17, wherein the smart application comprises providing a customized graphical interface.
 20. The wireless distribution system of claim 19, wherein the customized graphical interface is based on identification and authentication of a user ID. 